Terrestrial Organic Matter in Marine Sediments
569
Acknowledgments
We thank J. H5lemann, R. Littke, PJ. MUller, and
R. Stein for their critical and instructive comments
on a former version ofthis manuscript. Technical
assistance was performed by R. Henning, J. Kim,
J. Funk, U. Langrock, H. Orthey. This research
was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: (Sonderforschungsbereich 261
at Bremen University, Contribution 183,
and Ocean Drilling Program grant "Wa 1036/3 ").
Data are available under www.pangaea.de/
Projects/SFB261.
References
Andersen N (1996) Biogeochemische Charakterisierung
von Sinkstoffen und Sedimenten aus ostatlantischen
Produktionssystemen mit Hilfe von Biomarkern. Ber
Fachber Geowiss Univ Bremen 73, pp 1-215
Berger WH, Herguera JC (1992) Reading the sedimentary record of the ocean's productivity. In: Falkowski
PG, Woodhead AD (eds) Primary Productivity and
Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. Plenum Press,
New YOlk, pp 455-486
Bickert T, Wefer G (1996) Late Quaternary deep water
circulation in the South Atlantic: Reconstruction
from carbonate dissolution and benthic stable isotopes. In: Wefer G, Berger WH, Siedler G, Webb D
(eds) The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp599-620
Bonifay D, Giresse P (1992) Middle to Late Quaternary
sediment flux and post- depositional processes between the continental slope off Gabon and the MidGuinean margin. Mar Geol 106: 107-129
Bruland KW, Bienfang PK, Bishop JKB, Eglinton G,
Ittekkot VA W, Lampitt R, Sarntheim M, Thiede J,
Walsh JJ, Wefer G (1989) Group Report: Flux to the
Ocean. In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, WeferG (eds)
Productivity ofthe ocean: Present and Past. J Wiley
& Sons, Chichester, pp 193-215
Calvert SE, KarIinRE (1991) Relationship between sulfur,
organic carbon, and iron in the modem sediments
of the Black Sea. Geochim Cosmochim Acta
55: 2483-2490
Chesselet R, Fontugne M, Buat-Menard P, Ezat U, Lambert CE (1981) The orign of particulate organic carbon in the marine atmosphere as indicated by its
stable carbon isotopic composition. Geophys Res
Lett 8: 345-348
Combaz A, BelletJ,PoulainD, CaratiniC, TissotC(1974)
etude microscopique de la matiere organique de
sediments quaternaires de Mer de Norvege. In:
Marines C d G (ed) Orgon I Mer de Norvege. CNRS,
Paris, pp 81-139
Crisp PT, Brenner S, Venkatesan MI, Ruth E, Kaplan IR
(1979) Organic chemical characterization of sediment-trap particulates from San Nicolas, Santa
Barbara, Santa Monica and San Pedro Bassins,
California. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43: 1791-1801
DelvauxD,MartinH,LeplatP,PauletJ(1990) Geochemical
characterization of sedimentary OM by means of
pyrolysis kinetic parameters. Org Geochem 16:
175-187
DeMenocal PB, Ruddiman WF, Pokras EM (1993) Influences of high- and low-Iatidude processes on African terrestrial climate: Pleistocene eolian records
from equatorial Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program Site
663. Paleoceanography 8 (2): 209-242
Diester-Haass L, Miiller PJ (1979) Processes influencing sand fraction composition and OM content in
surface sediments offW Africa (12-19°N). "Meteor"
ForschErgebn C 31: 21-47
Dupont LM (1993) Vegetation zones in NW Africa during the Brunhes chron reconstructed from marine
palynological data. Quat Sci Rev 12: 189-202
Dupont LM, Agwu COC (1991) Environmental control
of pollen grain distribution patterns in the Gulf of
Guinea and offshore NW-Africa. Geol Rundsch 80
(3): 567-589.
Dupont LM, Agwu COC (1992) Latitudinal shifts offorest and savanna in N. W. Africa during the Brunhes
chron: further marine palynological results from site
M 16145 (9°N/19°W). Veget Hist Archaeobot 1:
163-175
Dupont LM, Beug HJ (1991) Marine palynological studies off NW Africa. Palaeoecology of Africa 22:
135-155
Dupont LM, Marret F, Winn K (1998) Land-sea correlation by means of terrestrial and marine palynomorphs
from the eastern Gulf of Guinea: phasing ofSE trade
winds and the ocean productivity. Palaeogeogr
PalaeoclimatoIPalaeoecoI142:51-84
Emerson S, Hedges JI (1988) Processes controlling the
organic carbon content of open ocean sediments.
Paleoceanography 3 (5): 621-634
Emerson S, Stump C, Grootes PM, Stuiver M, Farwell
GW, SchmidtFH (1987) Estimates of degradable organic carbon in deep-sea surface sediments from 14C
concentrations. Nature 329: 51-53
Emery KO, Uchupi E (1984) The geology of the Atlantic
Ocean. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
569
Acknowledgments
We thank J. H5lemann, R. Littke, PJ. MUller, and
R. Stein for their critical and instructive comments
on a former version ofthis manuscript. Technical
assistance was performed by R. Henning, J. Kim,
J. Funk, U. Langrock, H. Orthey. This research
was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft: (Sonderforschungsbereich 261
at Bremen University, Contribution 183,
and Ocean Drilling Program grant "Wa 1036/3 ").
Data are available under www.pangaea.de/
Projects/SFB261.
References
Andersen N (1996) Biogeochemische Charakterisierung
von Sinkstoffen und Sedimenten aus ostatlantischen
Produktionssystemen mit Hilfe von Biomarkern. Ber
Fachber Geowiss Univ Bremen 73, pp 1-215
Berger WH, Herguera JC (1992) Reading the sedimentary record of the ocean's productivity. In: Falkowski
PG, Woodhead AD (eds) Primary Productivity and
Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. Plenum Press,
New YOlk, pp 455-486
Bickert T, Wefer G (1996) Late Quaternary deep water
circulation in the South Atlantic: Reconstruction
from carbonate dissolution and benthic stable isotopes. In: Wefer G, Berger WH, Siedler G, Webb D
(eds) The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp599-620
Bonifay D, Giresse P (1992) Middle to Late Quaternary
sediment flux and post- depositional processes between the continental slope off Gabon and the MidGuinean margin. Mar Geol 106: 107-129
Bruland KW, Bienfang PK, Bishop JKB, Eglinton G,
Ittekkot VA W, Lampitt R, Sarntheim M, Thiede J,
Walsh JJ, Wefer G (1989) Group Report: Flux to the
Ocean. In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, WeferG (eds)
Productivity ofthe ocean: Present and Past. J Wiley
& Sons, Chichester, pp 193-215
Calvert SE, KarIinRE (1991) Relationship between sulfur,
organic carbon, and iron in the modem sediments
of the Black Sea. Geochim Cosmochim Acta
55: 2483-2490
Chesselet R, Fontugne M, Buat-Menard P, Ezat U, Lambert CE (1981) The orign of particulate organic carbon in the marine atmosphere as indicated by its
stable carbon isotopic composition. Geophys Res
Lett 8: 345-348
Combaz A, BelletJ,PoulainD, CaratiniC, TissotC(1974)
etude microscopique de la matiere organique de
sediments quaternaires de Mer de Norvege. In:
Marines C d G (ed) Orgon I Mer de Norvege. CNRS,
Paris, pp 81-139
Crisp PT, Brenner S, Venkatesan MI, Ruth E, Kaplan IR
(1979) Organic chemical characterization of sediment-trap particulates from San Nicolas, Santa
Barbara, Santa Monica and San Pedro Bassins,
California. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 43: 1791-1801
DelvauxD,MartinH,LeplatP,PauletJ(1990) Geochemical
characterization of sedimentary OM by means of
pyrolysis kinetic parameters. Org Geochem 16:
175-187
DeMenocal PB, Ruddiman WF, Pokras EM (1993) Influences of high- and low-Iatidude processes on African terrestrial climate: Pleistocene eolian records
from equatorial Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program Site
663. Paleoceanography 8 (2): 209-242
Diester-Haass L, Miiller PJ (1979) Processes influencing sand fraction composition and OM content in
surface sediments offW Africa (12-19°N). "Meteor"
ForschErgebn C 31: 21-47
Dupont LM (1993) Vegetation zones in NW Africa during the Brunhes chron reconstructed from marine
palynological data. Quat Sci Rev 12: 189-202
Dupont LM, Agwu COC (1991) Environmental control
of pollen grain distribution patterns in the Gulf of
Guinea and offshore NW-Africa. Geol Rundsch 80
(3): 567-589.
Dupont LM, Agwu COC (1992) Latitudinal shifts offorest and savanna in N. W. Africa during the Brunhes
chron: further marine palynological results from site
M 16145 (9°N/19°W). Veget Hist Archaeobot 1:
163-175
Dupont LM, Beug HJ (1991) Marine palynological studies off NW Africa. Palaeoecology of Africa 22:
135-155
Dupont LM, Marret F, Winn K (1998) Land-sea correlation by means of terrestrial and marine palynomorphs
from the eastern Gulf of Guinea: phasing ofSE trade
winds and the ocean productivity. Palaeogeogr
PalaeoclimatoIPalaeoecoI142:51-84
Emerson S, Hedges JI (1988) Processes controlling the
organic carbon content of open ocean sediments.
Paleoceanography 3 (5): 621-634
Emerson S, Stump C, Grootes PM, Stuiver M, Farwell
GW, SchmidtFH (1987) Estimates of degradable organic carbon in deep-sea surface sediments from 14C
concentrations. Nature 329: 51-53
Emery KO, Uchupi E (1984) The geology of the Atlantic
Ocean. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York