530
20
21 °N 10
0 --"--gO N 10
Dupont
Ephedra %
O ~~~~~HmTIITmmTIrrrhnIT~~~~~~~
o
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
Age (ka)
Fig. 5. Ephedra pollen percentages (of total pollen) of three late Quaternary sequences at different latitudes, GIK12392
at25°N, ODP Site 658 at2l oN, andGIKl64l5 at9°N. Glacial isotope stages are shaded.
Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae (%)
·20
· 15
·10
· 5
·
20
·15
·10
·5
- ' -
I
-'-~
35
9 ka
16ka
.j
•
30
(
25
~
20
. {
• . :(
15
\
10
.
5
0
0
·20
·15
·10
·5
·20
·15
· 10
-5
• ()'10% • 1 ()'20% • 20·30% • 3()'50% •
>50%
Fig. 6. Distribution of pollen ofChenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae in percentages oftotal pollen for three different
time slices, modem (surface sediment samples), Holocene climate optimum (9 ka uncalibrated), Last Glacial
Maximum (\ 8 ka uncalibrated). Modem source areas ofChenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae pollen are hatched. After
Hooghiemstra (1988a).