512
Bijmaetal.
Spero HJ, Lea OW (1996) Experimental detelTI1ination of
stable isotope variability in Globigerina bulloides:
Implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions.
Mar MicropaleontoI28(3-4): 231-246
Spero HI, Lerche I, Williams OF (1991) Opening the carbon isotope "vital effect" black box, 2. Quantitative
model for interpreting foraminiferal carbon isotope
data. Paleoceanography 6: 639-655
Spero HI, Parker SL (1985) Photosynthesis in the symbiotic planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa, and
its potential contribution to oceanic primary productivity. I Foram Res 15(4): 273-281
Spero HJ, Williams OF (1988) Extracting environmental
infolTI1ation from planktonic foraminiferallilJC data.
Nature 335(6192): 717-719
Spero HJ, Williams OF (1989) Opening the carbon isotope "vital effect" black box, 1. Seasonal temperatures in the euphotic zone. Paleoceanography 4(6):
593-601
Spindler M, Hemleben C (1980) Symbionts in planktonic foraminifera (protozoa). Endocytobiology,
endosymbiosis and cell biology I: 133-140
Spindler M, Hemleben C, Salomons JB, Smit LP (1984)
Feeding behavior of some planktonic foraminifers in
laboratory cultures. I Foram Res 14(4): 237-249
Swart PK (1983) Carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation in scleractinian corals: A review. Earth-Sci Rev
19(1):51-80
Urey HC (1947) The thelTI10dynamic properties of isotopic substances. J Chern Soc London: 562-581
Us dow ski E, Hoefs J (1993) Oxygen isotope
exchange between carbonic acid, bicarbonate, carbonate, and water; a re-examination of the data of
McCrea (1950) and an expression for the overall
partitioning of oxygen isotopes between the carbonate species and water. Geochim Cosmochim Acta
57(15): 3815-3818
Usdowski E, Michaelis J, Bottcher ME, Hoefs J
(1991) Factors for the oxygen isotope equilibrium
fractionation between aqueous CO 2 , carbonic acid,
bicarbonate, carbonate and water (19 QC). Z Phys
Chern 170: 237-249
Vergnaud-Grazzini C (1976) Non-equilibrium isotopic
compositions of shells of planktonic foraminifera
in the mediterranean sea. Palaeogeogr PalaeociimatolPalaeoecoI20(4): 263-276
Weber IN, Woodbead PMJ (1970) Carbon and oxygen
isotope fractionation in the skeletal carbonate of reef
building corals. Chern Geol6: 93-123
We fer G, Berger WH (1991) Isotope paleontology:
growth and composition of extant calcareous
species. Mar Geol 100: 207-248
Weger HG, Herzig R, Falkowski PG, Turpin OH (1989)
Respiratory losses in the light in a marine
diatom: Measurements by short-term mass spectrometry. Limnol Oceanogr 34(7): 1153-1161
Williams OF, Be A WH, Fairbanks RG (1979) Seasonal
oxygen isotopic variations in living planktonic
foraminifera offBelTI1uda. Science 206(4417): 447-449
Williams OF, Be A WH, Fairbanks RG (1981 a) Seasonal
stable isotopic variations in living planktonic from
Bermuda plankton tows. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol
PalaeoecoI33(1-3): 71-102
Williams OF, Rottger R, Schmaljohann R, Keigwin LO
(1981 b) Oxygen and carbon isotopic fractionation
and algal symbiosis in the benthic foraminifera
Heterostegina depressa. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol PalaeoecoI33(l-3): 231-252
Wolf-Gladrow OA, BijmaJ, Zeebe RE(1999) Model simulation of the carbonate system in the microenvironment of symbiont bearing foraminifera. Mar
Chern 64: 181-198
Zahn R, Mix AC (1991) Benthic foraminiferal 0"0 in
the ocean's temperature-salinity-density field:
constraints on ice age thermohaline circulation.
Paleoceanography 6( I): 1-20
Zeebe RE, Bijma J, Wolf-Gladrow OA (1999) A diffusionreaction model of carbon isotope fractionation in
foraminifera. Mar Chem 64: 199-227
Zhang J, Quay PO, Wilbur DO (1995) Carbon isotope
fractionation during gas-water exchange and dissolution of CO 2 , Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59(1):
107-114
Zimmermann MA, Williams OF, Rottger R (1983)
Symbiont-influenced isotopic disequilibrum in
Heterostegina depressa. J Foram Res 13(2): 115-121
Bijmaetal.
Spero HJ, Lea OW (1996) Experimental detelTI1ination of
stable isotope variability in Globigerina bulloides:
Implications for paleoceanographic reconstructions.
Mar MicropaleontoI28(3-4): 231-246
Spero HI, Lerche I, Williams OF (1991) Opening the carbon isotope "vital effect" black box, 2. Quantitative
model for interpreting foraminiferal carbon isotope
data. Paleoceanography 6: 639-655
Spero HI, Parker SL (1985) Photosynthesis in the symbiotic planktonic foraminifer Orbulina universa, and
its potential contribution to oceanic primary productivity. I Foram Res 15(4): 273-281
Spero HJ, Williams OF (1988) Extracting environmental
infolTI1ation from planktonic foraminiferallilJC data.
Nature 335(6192): 717-719
Spero HJ, Williams OF (1989) Opening the carbon isotope "vital effect" black box, 1. Seasonal temperatures in the euphotic zone. Paleoceanography 4(6):
593-601
Spindler M, Hemleben C (1980) Symbionts in planktonic foraminifera (protozoa). Endocytobiology,
endosymbiosis and cell biology I: 133-140
Spindler M, Hemleben C, Salomons JB, Smit LP (1984)
Feeding behavior of some planktonic foraminifers in
laboratory cultures. I Foram Res 14(4): 237-249
Swart PK (1983) Carbon and oxygen isotope fractionation in scleractinian corals: A review. Earth-Sci Rev
19(1):51-80
Urey HC (1947) The thelTI10dynamic properties of isotopic substances. J Chern Soc London: 562-581
Us dow ski E, Hoefs J (1993) Oxygen isotope
exchange between carbonic acid, bicarbonate, carbonate, and water; a re-examination of the data of
McCrea (1950) and an expression for the overall
partitioning of oxygen isotopes between the carbonate species and water. Geochim Cosmochim Acta
57(15): 3815-3818
Usdowski E, Michaelis J, Bottcher ME, Hoefs J
(1991) Factors for the oxygen isotope equilibrium
fractionation between aqueous CO 2 , carbonic acid,
bicarbonate, carbonate and water (19 QC). Z Phys
Chern 170: 237-249
Vergnaud-Grazzini C (1976) Non-equilibrium isotopic
compositions of shells of planktonic foraminifera
in the mediterranean sea. Palaeogeogr PalaeociimatolPalaeoecoI20(4): 263-276
Weber IN, Woodbead PMJ (1970) Carbon and oxygen
isotope fractionation in the skeletal carbonate of reef
building corals. Chern Geol6: 93-123
We fer G, Berger WH (1991) Isotope paleontology:
growth and composition of extant calcareous
species. Mar Geol 100: 207-248
Weger HG, Herzig R, Falkowski PG, Turpin OH (1989)
Respiratory losses in the light in a marine
diatom: Measurements by short-term mass spectrometry. Limnol Oceanogr 34(7): 1153-1161
Williams OF, Be A WH, Fairbanks RG (1979) Seasonal
oxygen isotopic variations in living planktonic
foraminifera offBelTI1uda. Science 206(4417): 447-449
Williams OF, Be A WH, Fairbanks RG (1981 a) Seasonal
stable isotopic variations in living planktonic from
Bermuda plankton tows. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol
PalaeoecoI33(1-3): 71-102
Williams OF, Rottger R, Schmaljohann R, Keigwin LO
(1981 b) Oxygen and carbon isotopic fractionation
and algal symbiosis in the benthic foraminifera
Heterostegina depressa. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol PalaeoecoI33(l-3): 231-252
Wolf-Gladrow OA, BijmaJ, Zeebe RE(1999) Model simulation of the carbonate system in the microenvironment of symbiont bearing foraminifera. Mar
Chern 64: 181-198
Zahn R, Mix AC (1991) Benthic foraminiferal 0"0 in
the ocean's temperature-salinity-density field:
constraints on ice age thermohaline circulation.
Paleoceanography 6( I): 1-20
Zeebe RE, Bijma J, Wolf-Gladrow OA (1999) A diffusionreaction model of carbon isotope fractionation in
foraminifera. Mar Chem 64: 199-227
Zhang J, Quay PO, Wilbur DO (1995) Carbon isotope
fractionation during gas-water exchange and dissolution of CO 2 , Geochim Cosmochim Acta 59(1):
107-114
Zimmermann MA, Williams OF, Rottger R (1983)
Symbiont-influenced isotopic disequilibrum in
Heterostegina depressa. J Foram Res 13(2): 115-121