466
Hohnesetal.
Fry B (1988) Food web structure on Georges Bank from
stable C, N, and S isotopic compositions. Limnol
Oceanogr33: 1182-1190
Fry B, Jannasch HW, Molyneaux SJ, Wirsen CO,
Muramoto JA, King S (1991) Stable isotope studies
of the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles in the
Black Sea and Cariaco Trench. Deep-Sea Res 38:
1003-1019.
FryB, Brand W, MerschF, Tholke K, Garritt R (1992)
Automated analysis system for coupled 8 13 C and
8 lS N measurements. Anal Chem 64: 288-291
Ganeshram RS, Pedersen TF, Calvert SE, Murray JW
(1995) Large changes in oceanic nutrient inventories from glacial to interglacial periods. Nature 376:
755-758
Gordon AL, Bosley KT (1991) Cyclonic gyre in the tropical South Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res 38: 323-343
Hagen E, Schemainda R, Michelsen N, Postel L, Schulz
S, Below M (1981) Zur kuestensenkrechten Struktur
des Kaltwasserauftriebs vor der Kueste Namibias.
Geod Geophys Veroeff, Reihe 4, 36: 1-99
Hansson S, Hobbie IE, Elmgren R, Larsson U, Fry B,
Johansson S (1997) The stable nitrogen isotope ratio as a marker of food-web interactions and fish
migration. Ecology 78: 2249-2257
Hastenrath S, Merle J (1987) Annual cycle of sub surface thermal structure in the tropical Atlantic Ocean.
JPhysOceanogr 17: 1518-1538
Hoch MP, Fogel ML, Kirchman DL (1992) Isotopic
fractionation associated with ammonium uptake by
amarinebacterium.LimnoIOceanogr37: 1447-1459
Holmes ME, Muller PJ, Schneider RR, Segl M, Piitzold J,
Wefer G (1996) Stable nitrogen isotopes in Angola
Basin surface sediments. Mar Geol134: 1-12
Holmes ME, Schneider RR, Muller PJ, SeglM, Wefer G
(1997) Reconstruction of past nutrient utilization in
the eastern Angola Basin based on sedimentary I'N/
14N ratios. Paleoceanography 12(4): 604-614
Holmes ME, Muller PJ, Schneider RR, Segl M, Wefer G
(1998a) Stable nitrogen isotopes in surface
sediments of the Benguela upwelling system. GeoMarLett 18: 58-65
Holmes ME, Fischer G, Segl M, Ruhland G, Wefer G
(1998b) Seasonal Variability of81'N in sinking particles in the southeast Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res,
subm
Jansen JHF, Utkes E, Schneider RR (1996) Late Quaternary movements of the Angola-Benguela Front, SE
Atlantic, and implications for advection in the equatorialocean. In: Wefer G, BergerWH, SiedlerG, Webb
DJ (eds) The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp553-575
Jones PGW (1971) The southern Benguela Current region in February 1966: Part I. Chemical observations
with particular reference to upwelling. Deep-Sea Res
18: 193-208
Libes SM, Deuser WG (1988) The isotope geochemistry
of particulate nitrogen in the Peru upwelling area and
the gulf of Maine. Deep-Sea Res 35: 517-533
Liu K-K, Kaplan IR(1989) The eastern tropical Pacific
as a source of I'N-enriched nitrate in seawater off
southern California. Limnol Oceanogr 34: 820-830
Lutjeharms JRE, Meeuwis 1M (1987) The extent and
variability of southeast Atlantic upwelling. S Afr J
Mar Sci 5: 85-94
Lutjeharms IRE, Stockton PL (1987) Kinematics of the
upwelling front off southern Africa. S Afr J Mar Sci
5:35-49
Lutjeharms IRE, Shillington FA, Duncombe Rae CM
(1991) Observations of extreme upwelling filaments in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean. Science 253:
774-776
Macko SA, Fogel Estep ML, Engel MR, Hare PE (1986)
Kinetic fractionation of stable nitrogen isotopes
during amino acid transamination. Geochim
Cosmochim Acta 50: 2143-2146
Mariotti A, Mariotti F, Champigny M-L, Amarger N,
Moyse A (1982) Nitrogen isotope fractionation associated with nitrate reductase activity and uptake
ofN0 3 ' by pearl millet. Plant Physiol69: 880-884
McClelland JW, Valiela I, Michener RH (1997) Nitrogenstable isotope signatures in estuarine food webs - a
record of increasing urbanization in coastal watersheds. Limnol Oceanogr 42: 930-937
Meeuwis 1M, Lutjeharms JRE (1990) Surface thermal
characteristics of the Angola-Benguela Front. S Afr
J Mar Sci 9: 261-279
MinagawaM, Wada E (1984) Stepwise enrichment (jfl'N
along food chains: further evidence and the relation
between 8 1 'N and animal age. Geochim Cosmochim
Acta48: 1135-1140
Minagawa M, Winter DA, Kaplan, IR (1984) Comparison ofKjeldahl and combustion methods for measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios in organic matter.
AnaiChem56: 1859-1861
MinouraK, HoshinoK, Nakamura T, WadaE(1997)Late
Pleistocene-Holocene paleoproductivity circulation
in the Japan Sea - sea-level control on 8 13 C and 8 1 'N
records of sediment organic material. Palaeogeogr
PalaeoclimatoIPalaeoecol135: 41-50
Montoya JP (1994) Nitrogen isotope fractionation in the
modem ocean: implications for the sedimentary
record. In: Zahn R, Kaminski MA, Labeyrie L,
Hohnesetal.
Fry B (1988) Food web structure on Georges Bank from
stable C, N, and S isotopic compositions. Limnol
Oceanogr33: 1182-1190
Fry B, Jannasch HW, Molyneaux SJ, Wirsen CO,
Muramoto JA, King S (1991) Stable isotope studies
of the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles in the
Black Sea and Cariaco Trench. Deep-Sea Res 38:
1003-1019.
FryB, Brand W, MerschF, Tholke K, Garritt R (1992)
Automated analysis system for coupled 8 13 C and
8 lS N measurements. Anal Chem 64: 288-291
Ganeshram RS, Pedersen TF, Calvert SE, Murray JW
(1995) Large changes in oceanic nutrient inventories from glacial to interglacial periods. Nature 376:
755-758
Gordon AL, Bosley KT (1991) Cyclonic gyre in the tropical South Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res 38: 323-343
Hagen E, Schemainda R, Michelsen N, Postel L, Schulz
S, Below M (1981) Zur kuestensenkrechten Struktur
des Kaltwasserauftriebs vor der Kueste Namibias.
Geod Geophys Veroeff, Reihe 4, 36: 1-99
Hansson S, Hobbie IE, Elmgren R, Larsson U, Fry B,
Johansson S (1997) The stable nitrogen isotope ratio as a marker of food-web interactions and fish
migration. Ecology 78: 2249-2257
Hastenrath S, Merle J (1987) Annual cycle of sub surface thermal structure in the tropical Atlantic Ocean.
JPhysOceanogr 17: 1518-1538
Hoch MP, Fogel ML, Kirchman DL (1992) Isotopic
fractionation associated with ammonium uptake by
amarinebacterium.LimnoIOceanogr37: 1447-1459
Holmes ME, Muller PJ, Schneider RR, Segl M, Piitzold J,
Wefer G (1996) Stable nitrogen isotopes in Angola
Basin surface sediments. Mar Geol134: 1-12
Holmes ME, Schneider RR, Muller PJ, SeglM, Wefer G
(1997) Reconstruction of past nutrient utilization in
the eastern Angola Basin based on sedimentary I'N/
14N ratios. Paleoceanography 12(4): 604-614
Holmes ME, Muller PJ, Schneider RR, Segl M, Wefer G
(1998a) Stable nitrogen isotopes in surface
sediments of the Benguela upwelling system. GeoMarLett 18: 58-65
Holmes ME, Fischer G, Segl M, Ruhland G, Wefer G
(1998b) Seasonal Variability of81'N in sinking particles in the southeast Atlantic Ocean. Deep-Sea Res,
subm
Jansen JHF, Utkes E, Schneider RR (1996) Late Quaternary movements of the Angola-Benguela Front, SE
Atlantic, and implications for advection in the equatorialocean. In: Wefer G, BergerWH, SiedlerG, Webb
DJ (eds) The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp553-575
Jones PGW (1971) The southern Benguela Current region in February 1966: Part I. Chemical observations
with particular reference to upwelling. Deep-Sea Res
18: 193-208
Libes SM, Deuser WG (1988) The isotope geochemistry
of particulate nitrogen in the Peru upwelling area and
the gulf of Maine. Deep-Sea Res 35: 517-533
Liu K-K, Kaplan IR(1989) The eastern tropical Pacific
as a source of I'N-enriched nitrate in seawater off
southern California. Limnol Oceanogr 34: 820-830
Lutjeharms JRE, Meeuwis 1M (1987) The extent and
variability of southeast Atlantic upwelling. S Afr J
Mar Sci 5: 85-94
Lutjeharms IRE, Stockton PL (1987) Kinematics of the
upwelling front off southern Africa. S Afr J Mar Sci
5:35-49
Lutjeharms IRE, Shillington FA, Duncombe Rae CM
(1991) Observations of extreme upwelling filaments in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean. Science 253:
774-776
Macko SA, Fogel Estep ML, Engel MR, Hare PE (1986)
Kinetic fractionation of stable nitrogen isotopes
during amino acid transamination. Geochim
Cosmochim Acta 50: 2143-2146
Mariotti A, Mariotti F, Champigny M-L, Amarger N,
Moyse A (1982) Nitrogen isotope fractionation associated with nitrate reductase activity and uptake
ofN0 3 ' by pearl millet. Plant Physiol69: 880-884
McClelland JW, Valiela I, Michener RH (1997) Nitrogenstable isotope signatures in estuarine food webs - a
record of increasing urbanization in coastal watersheds. Limnol Oceanogr 42: 930-937
Meeuwis 1M, Lutjeharms JRE (1990) Surface thermal
characteristics of the Angola-Benguela Front. S Afr
J Mar Sci 9: 261-279
MinagawaM, Wada E (1984) Stepwise enrichment (jfl'N
along food chains: further evidence and the relation
between 8 1 'N and animal age. Geochim Cosmochim
Acta48: 1135-1140
Minagawa M, Winter DA, Kaplan, IR (1984) Comparison ofKjeldahl and combustion methods for measurement of nitrogen isotope ratios in organic matter.
AnaiChem56: 1859-1861
MinouraK, HoshinoK, Nakamura T, WadaE(1997)Late
Pleistocene-Holocene paleoproductivity circulation
in the Japan Sea - sea-level control on 8 13 C and 8 1 'N
records of sediment organic material. Palaeogeogr
PalaeoclimatoIPalaeoecol135: 41-50
Montoya JP (1994) Nitrogen isotope fractionation in the
modem ocean: implications for the sedimentary
record. In: Zahn R, Kaminski MA, Labeyrie L,