Reconstruction of Surface Ocean Nitrate Utilization
465
Altabet M, Deuser WG (1985) Seasonal variations
in natural abundance of 15N in particles sinking to
the deep Sargasso Sea. Nature 315: 218-219
Altabet M, McCarthy J (1985) Temporal and spatial variation in the natural abundance of 15N in PON from a
warm-core ring. Deep-Sea Res 32: 755-772
Altabet MA, Curry WB (1992) Testing models of past
ocean chemistry using foraminifera 15NfI 4 N. Global
Biogeochem Cycles 3(2): 107-119
Altabet MA, Francois R (1994) Sedimentary nitrogen
isotopic ratio as a recorder for surface ocean nitrate
utilization. Global Biogeochem Cycles 8(1): 103-116
Altabet M, Deuser WG, Honjo S, Steinen C (1991) Seasonal and depth-related changes in the source of
sinking particles in the North Atlantic. Nature 354:
136-139
Altabet MA, Francois R, Murray DW, Prell WL (1995)
Climate-related variations in denitrification in the
Arabian Sea from sediment 15N/1 4 N ratios. Nature
373: 506-509
Bennekom AJ van, Berger GW (1984) Hydrography and
silica budget of the Angola Basin. Neth J Sea Res
17: 149-200
Berger WH (1989) Global maps of ocean productivity
(Appendix). In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G
(eds) Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past.
J Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 429-455
Bertrand P, MartinezP, Calvert SE (1997) Carbon-pumping efficiency modulated by sea level changes in
coastal upwelling areas?: Evidence from a nitrogen
isotope study of sediment cores from the northwestern Africa margin. AGU 1997 Fall Meeting
Biggs DC, Berkowitz SP, Altabet MA, Bidigare RR,
DeMaster DJ, Macko SA, Ondrusek, ME and Noh
IL (1989) A cooperative study of the upper ocean
particulate fluxes. In: Barron J, Anderson J, Baldauf
JG, Larsen B (eds) Proc ODP InitRepts 119, College
Station, TX,pp 109-120
Bornhold BD (1973) Late Quaternary sedimentation in
the eastern Angola Basin. Techn Rep WHO! 73-80,
Massachusetts pp 1-213
Bremner JM, Keeney DR (1966) Determination and isotope ratio analysis of different forms of nitrogen in
soils, III. Soil Sci Soc Amer Proc 30: 577-582
Calvert SE, Price NB (1971) Upwelling and nutrient regeneration in the Benguela Current, October, 1968.
Deep-Sea Res 18: 505-523
Calvert SE, Bustin RM, Ingall ED (1996) Influence of
water column anoxia and sediment supply on the
burial and preservation of organic carbon in marine
shales. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60: 1577-1593
Chapman P, Shannon L (1985) The Benguela ecosystem
Part II. Chemistry and related processes. Oceanogr
Mar Bioi Ann Rev 23: 183-251
Chapman P, Shannon L (1987) Seasonality in the oxygen minimum layers at the extremities of the Benguela
system. S Afr J Mar Sci 5: 11-34
Checkley DM, Entzeroth LC (1985) Elemental and isotopic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen by marine, planktonic copepods and implications to the
marine nitrogen cycle. J Plankton Res 7: 553-568
Cifuentes LA, Sharp JH, Fogel ML (1988) Stable carbon
and nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry in the Delaware estuary. Limnol Oceanogr 33: 1102-1115
Cifuentes LA, Coffin RB, Solorzano L, Cardenas W,
Espinoza J, Twilley RR (1996) Isotopic and elemental variations of carbon and nitrogen in a mangrove
estuary. Est Coast Shelf Sci 43: 781-800
Cline ill, Kaplan IR (1975) Isotopic fractionation of dissolved nitrate during denitrification in the eastern
tropical North Pacific Ocean. Mar Chern 3: 271-299
Conkright ME, Levitus S, Boyer TP (1994) World Ocean
Atlas 1994, Vol. 1: Nutrients. NOAA Atlas NESDIS
1. US Dept of Commerce , NOAA, NESDIS, pp 1-150
DeNiro MJ, Epstein S (1981) Influence of diet on the
distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals. Geochim
CosmochimActa45: 929-935
Emery G, Milliman J, Uchupi E (1973) Physical properties and suspended matter of surface waters in the
southeastern Atlantic Ocean. J Sed Petrol 43:
822-837
Farrell JW, Pedersen TF, Calvert SE, Nielsen B (1995)
Glacial-interglacial changes in nutrient utilization in
the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 377: 514-517
Fischer G, Wefer G (1991) Sampling, preparation and
analysis of marine particulate matter. In: Hurd DC,
Spencer DW (eds) Marine Particles: Analysis and
Characterization. Geophys Monogr 63, pp 391-397
Fischer G, Wefer G (1996) Long-term observation of particle fluxes in the eastern Atlantic: seasonality,
changes offlux with depth and comparison with the
sediment record. In: Wefer G, Berger WH, Siedler G,
Webb DJ (eds) The South Atlantic: Present and Past
Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp325-344
Francois R, Altabet MA, Burckle LH (1992) Glacial to
interglacial changes in surface nitrate utilization in
the Indian sector of the southern ocean as recorded
by sediment /)15N. Paleoceanography 7: 589-606
Francois R, Altabet MA, Yu EF, Sigman DM, Bacon MP,
FrankM, Bohnnann G, Bareille G, Labeyrie LD (1997)
Contribution of Southern Ocean surface-water stratification to low atmospheric CO 2 concentrations during the last glacial period. Nature 389: 929-935
465
Altabet M, Deuser WG (1985) Seasonal variations
in natural abundance of 15N in particles sinking to
the deep Sargasso Sea. Nature 315: 218-219
Altabet M, McCarthy J (1985) Temporal and spatial variation in the natural abundance of 15N in PON from a
warm-core ring. Deep-Sea Res 32: 755-772
Altabet MA, Curry WB (1992) Testing models of past
ocean chemistry using foraminifera 15NfI 4 N. Global
Biogeochem Cycles 3(2): 107-119
Altabet MA, Francois R (1994) Sedimentary nitrogen
isotopic ratio as a recorder for surface ocean nitrate
utilization. Global Biogeochem Cycles 8(1): 103-116
Altabet M, Deuser WG, Honjo S, Steinen C (1991) Seasonal and depth-related changes in the source of
sinking particles in the North Atlantic. Nature 354:
136-139
Altabet MA, Francois R, Murray DW, Prell WL (1995)
Climate-related variations in denitrification in the
Arabian Sea from sediment 15N/1 4 N ratios. Nature
373: 506-509
Bennekom AJ van, Berger GW (1984) Hydrography and
silica budget of the Angola Basin. Neth J Sea Res
17: 149-200
Berger WH (1989) Global maps of ocean productivity
(Appendix). In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G
(eds) Productivity of the Ocean: Present and Past.
J Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 429-455
Bertrand P, MartinezP, Calvert SE (1997) Carbon-pumping efficiency modulated by sea level changes in
coastal upwelling areas?: Evidence from a nitrogen
isotope study of sediment cores from the northwestern Africa margin. AGU 1997 Fall Meeting
Biggs DC, Berkowitz SP, Altabet MA, Bidigare RR,
DeMaster DJ, Macko SA, Ondrusek, ME and Noh
IL (1989) A cooperative study of the upper ocean
particulate fluxes. In: Barron J, Anderson J, Baldauf
JG, Larsen B (eds) Proc ODP InitRepts 119, College
Station, TX,pp 109-120
Bornhold BD (1973) Late Quaternary sedimentation in
the eastern Angola Basin. Techn Rep WHO! 73-80,
Massachusetts pp 1-213
Bremner JM, Keeney DR (1966) Determination and isotope ratio analysis of different forms of nitrogen in
soils, III. Soil Sci Soc Amer Proc 30: 577-582
Calvert SE, Price NB (1971) Upwelling and nutrient regeneration in the Benguela Current, October, 1968.
Deep-Sea Res 18: 505-523
Calvert SE, Bustin RM, Ingall ED (1996) Influence of
water column anoxia and sediment supply on the
burial and preservation of organic carbon in marine
shales. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 60: 1577-1593
Chapman P, Shannon L (1985) The Benguela ecosystem
Part II. Chemistry and related processes. Oceanogr
Mar Bioi Ann Rev 23: 183-251
Chapman P, Shannon L (1987) Seasonality in the oxygen minimum layers at the extremities of the Benguela
system. S Afr J Mar Sci 5: 11-34
Checkley DM, Entzeroth LC (1985) Elemental and isotopic fractionation of carbon and nitrogen by marine, planktonic copepods and implications to the
marine nitrogen cycle. J Plankton Res 7: 553-568
Cifuentes LA, Sharp JH, Fogel ML (1988) Stable carbon
and nitrogen isotope biogeochemistry in the Delaware estuary. Limnol Oceanogr 33: 1102-1115
Cifuentes LA, Coffin RB, Solorzano L, Cardenas W,
Espinoza J, Twilley RR (1996) Isotopic and elemental variations of carbon and nitrogen in a mangrove
estuary. Est Coast Shelf Sci 43: 781-800
Cline ill, Kaplan IR (1975) Isotopic fractionation of dissolved nitrate during denitrification in the eastern
tropical North Pacific Ocean. Mar Chern 3: 271-299
Conkright ME, Levitus S, Boyer TP (1994) World Ocean
Atlas 1994, Vol. 1: Nutrients. NOAA Atlas NESDIS
1. US Dept of Commerce , NOAA, NESDIS, pp 1-150
DeNiro MJ, Epstein S (1981) Influence of diet on the
distribution of nitrogen isotopes in animals. Geochim
CosmochimActa45: 929-935
Emery G, Milliman J, Uchupi E (1973) Physical properties and suspended matter of surface waters in the
southeastern Atlantic Ocean. J Sed Petrol 43:
822-837
Farrell JW, Pedersen TF, Calvert SE, Nielsen B (1995)
Glacial-interglacial changes in nutrient utilization in
the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Nature 377: 514-517
Fischer G, Wefer G (1991) Sampling, preparation and
analysis of marine particulate matter. In: Hurd DC,
Spencer DW (eds) Marine Particles: Analysis and
Characterization. Geophys Monogr 63, pp 391-397
Fischer G, Wefer G (1996) Long-term observation of particle fluxes in the eastern Atlantic: seasonality,
changes offlux with depth and comparison with the
sediment record. In: Wefer G, Berger WH, Siedler G,
Webb DJ (eds) The South Atlantic: Present and Past
Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp325-344
Francois R, Altabet MA, Burckle LH (1992) Glacial to
interglacial changes in surface nitrate utilization in
the Indian sector of the southern ocean as recorded
by sediment /)15N. Paleoceanography 7: 589-606
Francois R, Altabet MA, Yu EF, Sigman DM, Bacon MP,
FrankM, Bohnnann G, Bareille G, Labeyrie LD (1997)
Contribution of Southern Ocean surface-water stratification to low atmospheric CO 2 concentrations during the last glacial period. Nature 389: 929-935