344
RUhlemann et al.
ity in low and mid latitudes: Influence on CO 2 reservoirs of the deep ocean and atmosphere during the
last21,000 years. Paleoceanography 3: 361-399
Samthein M, Pflaumann U, Ross R, Tiedemann R, Winn
K (1992) Transfer functions to reconstruct ocean
paleoproductivity: A comparison. In: Summerhayes
CP, Prell WL, Emeis K-C (eds) Upwelling systems.
Evolution since the early Miocene. Geol Soc Spec
Pub164, pp 411-427
Schneider R (1991) Spatquartare Produktivitatsanderungen im ostlichen Angola-Becken: Reaktion
aufVariationen im Passat-Monsun Windsystem und
in der Advektion des Benguela-KUstenstroms. Ber
Fachber Geowiss Univ Bremen 21, pp 1-198
Schneider RR, MUller PJ, Wefer G (1994) Late
Quaternary paleoproductivity changes off the
Congo deduced from stable carbon isotopes of
planktonic foraminifera. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol
Palaeoeocolll 0: 255-274
Schneider RR, MUller PJ, Ruhland G (1995) Late Quaternary surface circulation in the east-equatorial South
Atlantic: Evidence from alkenone sea surface temperatures. Paleoceanography 10: 197-219
Schneider RR, MUller PI, Ruhland G, Meinecke G, Schmidt
H, Wefer G (1996) Late Quaternary surface temperatures and productivity in the east-equatorial South
Atlantic: Response to changes in trade/monsoon
wind forcing and surface water advection. In: Wefer
G, Berger WH, SiedlerG, Webb D (eds)The South
Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation. Springer,
Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 527-551
Schneider RR, Price B, Milller PJ, Kroon D, Alexander [
(1997) Monsoon related variations in Zaire (Congo)
sediment load and influence of fluvial silicate supply on marine productivity in the east equatorial
Atlantic during the last 200,000 years.
Paleoceanography 12: 463-481
Schrader H, Sorknes R (1991) Peruvian coastal upwelling:
Late Quaternary productivity changes revealed by
diatoms. Mar Geo197: 233-249
Schubert CJ, Stein R (1996) Deposition of organic carbon in Arctic Ocean sediments: terrigenous supply
vs marine productivity. Org Geochem 24: 421-436
Shannon LV, Pillar SC (1986) The Benguela Ecosystem,
III, Plankton. Oceanogr Mar Bio124: 65-170
Shemesh A, Macko SA, Charles CD, Rau GH (1993) Isotopic evidence for reduced productivity in the glacial Southern Ocean. Science 262: 407-410
Spoel S van der (1967) Euthecosomata, a group with
remarkable developmental stages (Gastropoda,
Pteropoda). J Noorduijn en Zoon NV, Gorinchem,
pp 1-375
Stabell B (1986) Variations of diatom flux in the eastern
equatirial Atlantic during the last 400,00 years
("Meteor" cores 13519 and 13521). Mar Geol 72:
305-323
Stein R (1986) Surface-water paleoproductivity as inferred from sediments deposited in oxic and anoxic
deep water. SCOPEIUNEP Sonderband 60: 55-70
Stein R (1991) Accumulation of organic carbon in marine sediments. Lect Notes Earth Sci, 34 XIIl,
pp 1-217
Suess E (1980) Particulate organic carbon flux in the
oceans. Surface productivity and oxygen utilization.
Nature 288: 260-263
Trenberth KE, Houghton JT, MeiraFilho LG (I 996) The
climate system: An overview. In: Houghton JT, Meira
Filho LG, Callander BA, Harris N, Kattenberg A,
Maskell K(eds) Climate Change 1995: The science
of climate change: Contributions of working group I
to the second assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. University Press,
Cambridge, pp 51-64
Vasileva VE (1987) Burial of organic carbon in Quaternary sediments of the Pacific Ocean. Oceanology 27:
450-456
Verardo DJ, McIntyre A (1994) Production and destruction: Control of biogenous sedimentation in
the tropical Atlantic 0-300,000 years B.P.
Paleoceanography 9: 63-86
Yolk T, Hoffert MI (I 985) Ocean carbon pumps: Analysis of relative strenghts and efficiences in oceandriven atmospheric CO 2 changes. In: Sundquist ET,
Broecker WS (eds) The carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO,: Natural variations Archean to Present.
Geophys Monogr 32, Amer Geophys Union,
Washington DC, pp 99-11 0
Weedon LA, Shimmield GB (1991) Late Pleistocene
upwelling and productivity variations in the Northwest Indian Ocean deduced from spectral analyses
of geochemical data from sites 722 and 724. In: Emeis
K-C et al. (eds) Proc ODP Sci Results 117, College
Station, TX, pp 431-443
Wefer G (1989) Particle flux in the ocean: Effects ofepisodic production. In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS,
Wefer G (eds) Productivity of the ocean: Present and
Past. J Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp 139-153
Williams PJ leB, von Bodungen B, Bathmann UV, Berger
WH, Eppley RW, Feldman GC, FischerG, Legendre
L, Minster J-F, Reynolds CS, Smetacek VS,
Toggweiler JR (1989) Group Report. Export Productivity from the Photic Zone. In: Berger WH, Smetacek
VS, Wefer G (eds) Productivity of the ocean: Present
and Past. ] Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp 99-115
RUhlemann et al.
ity in low and mid latitudes: Influence on CO 2 reservoirs of the deep ocean and atmosphere during the
last21,000 years. Paleoceanography 3: 361-399
Samthein M, Pflaumann U, Ross R, Tiedemann R, Winn
K (1992) Transfer functions to reconstruct ocean
paleoproductivity: A comparison. In: Summerhayes
CP, Prell WL, Emeis K-C (eds) Upwelling systems.
Evolution since the early Miocene. Geol Soc Spec
Pub164, pp 411-427
Schneider R (1991) Spatquartare Produktivitatsanderungen im ostlichen Angola-Becken: Reaktion
aufVariationen im Passat-Monsun Windsystem und
in der Advektion des Benguela-KUstenstroms. Ber
Fachber Geowiss Univ Bremen 21, pp 1-198
Schneider RR, MUller PJ, Wefer G (1994) Late
Quaternary paleoproductivity changes off the
Congo deduced from stable carbon isotopes of
planktonic foraminifera. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol
Palaeoeocolll 0: 255-274
Schneider RR, MUller PJ, Ruhland G (1995) Late Quaternary surface circulation in the east-equatorial South
Atlantic: Evidence from alkenone sea surface temperatures. Paleoceanography 10: 197-219
Schneider RR, MUller PI, Ruhland G, Meinecke G, Schmidt
H, Wefer G (1996) Late Quaternary surface temperatures and productivity in the east-equatorial South
Atlantic: Response to changes in trade/monsoon
wind forcing and surface water advection. In: Wefer
G, Berger WH, SiedlerG, Webb D (eds)The South
Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation. Springer,
Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 527-551
Schneider RR, Price B, Milller PJ, Kroon D, Alexander [
(1997) Monsoon related variations in Zaire (Congo)
sediment load and influence of fluvial silicate supply on marine productivity in the east equatorial
Atlantic during the last 200,000 years.
Paleoceanography 12: 463-481
Schrader H, Sorknes R (1991) Peruvian coastal upwelling:
Late Quaternary productivity changes revealed by
diatoms. Mar Geo197: 233-249
Schubert CJ, Stein R (1996) Deposition of organic carbon in Arctic Ocean sediments: terrigenous supply
vs marine productivity. Org Geochem 24: 421-436
Shannon LV, Pillar SC (1986) The Benguela Ecosystem,
III, Plankton. Oceanogr Mar Bio124: 65-170
Shemesh A, Macko SA, Charles CD, Rau GH (1993) Isotopic evidence for reduced productivity in the glacial Southern Ocean. Science 262: 407-410
Spoel S van der (1967) Euthecosomata, a group with
remarkable developmental stages (Gastropoda,
Pteropoda). J Noorduijn en Zoon NV, Gorinchem,
pp 1-375
Stabell B (1986) Variations of diatom flux in the eastern
equatirial Atlantic during the last 400,00 years
("Meteor" cores 13519 and 13521). Mar Geol 72:
305-323
Stein R (1986) Surface-water paleoproductivity as inferred from sediments deposited in oxic and anoxic
deep water. SCOPEIUNEP Sonderband 60: 55-70
Stein R (1991) Accumulation of organic carbon in marine sediments. Lect Notes Earth Sci, 34 XIIl,
pp 1-217
Suess E (1980) Particulate organic carbon flux in the
oceans. Surface productivity and oxygen utilization.
Nature 288: 260-263
Trenberth KE, Houghton JT, MeiraFilho LG (I 996) The
climate system: An overview. In: Houghton JT, Meira
Filho LG, Callander BA, Harris N, Kattenberg A,
Maskell K(eds) Climate Change 1995: The science
of climate change: Contributions of working group I
to the second assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. University Press,
Cambridge, pp 51-64
Vasileva VE (1987) Burial of organic carbon in Quaternary sediments of the Pacific Ocean. Oceanology 27:
450-456
Verardo DJ, McIntyre A (1994) Production and destruction: Control of biogenous sedimentation in
the tropical Atlantic 0-300,000 years B.P.
Paleoceanography 9: 63-86
Yolk T, Hoffert MI (I 985) Ocean carbon pumps: Analysis of relative strenghts and efficiences in oceandriven atmospheric CO 2 changes. In: Sundquist ET,
Broecker WS (eds) The carbon Cycle and Atmospheric CO,: Natural variations Archean to Present.
Geophys Monogr 32, Amer Geophys Union,
Washington DC, pp 99-11 0
Weedon LA, Shimmield GB (1991) Late Pleistocene
upwelling and productivity variations in the Northwest Indian Ocean deduced from spectral analyses
of geochemical data from sites 722 and 724. In: Emeis
K-C et al. (eds) Proc ODP Sci Results 117, College
Station, TX, pp 431-443
Wefer G (1989) Particle flux in the ocean: Effects ofepisodic production. In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS,
Wefer G (eds) Productivity of the ocean: Present and
Past. J Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp 139-153
Williams PJ leB, von Bodungen B, Bathmann UV, Berger
WH, Eppley RW, Feldman GC, FischerG, Legendre
L, Minster J-F, Reynolds CS, Smetacek VS,
Toggweiler JR (1989) Group Report. Export Productivity from the Photic Zone. In: Berger WH, Smetacek
VS, Wefer G (eds) Productivity of the ocean: Present
and Past. ] Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp 99-115