Organic Carbon and Carbonate as Paleoproductivity Proxies
343
Mulitza S (1994) Spl1tquartare Variation en der
oberfHichennahen Hydrographie im westlichen
l1quatorialen Atlantik. Ber Fachber Geowiss Univ
Bremen 57,pp 1-97
Mulitza S, Riihlemann C, Bickert T, Hale W, Pl1tzold J,
Wefer G (1998a) Late Quaternary BC gradients and
carbonate accumulation in the western equatorial
Atlantic. Earth Planet Sci Lett 155: 237-249
MulitzaS, WolffT, PatzoldJ, Hale W, WeferG (I 998b)
Temperature sensitivity of planktic foraminifera and
its influence on the oxygen isotope record. Mar
Micropaleontol33: 223-240
MUller PI, Suess E (1979) Productivity, sedimentation
rate, and sedimentary organic matter in the oceans -
I. Organic carbon preservation. Deep-Sea Res 26A:
1347-1362
Miiller PI, Erlenkeuser H, von Grafenstein R (1983) Glacial-interglacial cycles in oceanic productivity inferred from organic carbon contents in eastern North
Atlantic sediment cores. In: Thiede I, Suess E (eds)
Coastal upwelling, Its sediment record (Part B).
Plenum Press, New York, pp 365-398
MUller PI, Hartmann M, Suess E (1988) The chemical
environment of pelagic sediments. In: Halbach P,
Friedrich G, von Stackelberg U (eds) The manganese
nodule belt of the Pacific Ocean. Ferdinand Enke
Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 70-90
MUller PI, Schneider R, Ruhland G (1994) Late Quaternary PC0 2 variations in the Angola Current: Evidence from organic carbon OBC and alkenone temperatures. In: Zahn R, Pedersen TF, Kaminski MA,
Labeyrie L (eds) Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean:
Constraints on the Ocean's Role in Global Change.
NATO ASI Series, Vol 17, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
New YOlK, pp 343-366
Murray JW, Grundmanis V (1980) Oxygen consumption
in pelagic marine sediments. Science 209: 1527-1529
NUrnberg CC, Bohrrnann G, SchlUter M, FrankM (1997)
Barium accumulation in the Atlantic sector of the
Southern Ocean: Results from 190,000-year records.
Paleoceanography 12: 594-603
Pace ML, Knauer GA, Karl DM, Martin 1M (1987) Primary production, new production and vertical flux
in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Nature 325: 803-804
Pedersen TF (1983) Increased productivity in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the last glacial maximum
(19,000 to 14,000 yr BP). Geology 11: 16-19
Pedersen TF, Nielsen B, Pickering M (1991) Timing of
Late Quaternary productivity pulses in the Panama
Basin and implictations for atmospheric CO 2 ,
Paleoceanography 6: 657-677
Pisias NG Prell, W, Prahl F, Delaney M, Lea D, Jasper J,
Popp B, Rau G, Murray R, McCorkle D, ReaD, Derry
L and Workshop Participants (1995) Marine aspects
of Earth System History (MESH). Proxy Development Workshop Report, January 1995, Corvallis,
Oregon, pp 1-75
Platt T, Harrison WG (1985) Biogenic fluxes of carbon
and oxygen in the ocean. Nature 318: 55-58
Pokras EM (1987) Diatom record of Late Quaternary climatic change in the eastern equatorial Atlantic and
tropical Africa. Paleoceanography 2: 273-286
Prell WL, Curry WB (1981) Faunal and isotopic indices
of monsoonal upwelling: Western Arabian Sea.
OceanolActa4: 91-98
Prospero 1M (1996) The atmospheric transport of particles to the ocean. In: Ittekkot V, Schafer P, Honjo S,
Depetris PJ (eds) Particle Flux in the Ocean. I Wiley
& Sons, Chichester, pp 19-52
Reid JL, Brinton E, Fieminger A, Venrick EL, McGowan
JA (1978) Ocean circulation and marine life. In:
Charnock H, Deacon Sir G (eds) Advances in Oceanography. Plenum Press, New York, pp 65-130
Reimers CE (1989) Control of benthic fluxes by
particulate supply. In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS,
Wefer G (eds) Productivity of the ocean: Present and
Past. J Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp 217-233
Reimers CE, Suess E (I 983) Spatial and temporal patterns
of organic matter accumulation on the Peru continental margin. In: Suess E, Thiede I (eds) Coastal
upwelling, its sediment record Part A: Response of
the sedimentary regime to Present coastal upwelling.
Plenum Press, New York London, pp 31 1-337
Riihlemann C, Frank M, Hale W, Mangini A, Mulitza S,
MUller P, Wefer G (1996) Late Quaternary productivity changes in the western equatorial Atlantic:
Evidence from 23°Th-normalized carbonate and
organic carbon accumulation rates. Mar Geol135:
127-152
Sarnthein M, Winn K, Zahn R (1987) Paleoproductivity
of ocean upwelling and the effect on atmospheric
CO 2 and climatic change during deglaciation times.
In: Berger WH, Labeyrie L (eds) Abrupt Climatic
Change. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 3 I 1-337
Sarnthein M, Thiede J, Pflaumann U, Erlenkeuser H,
FUtterer D, Koopmann B, Lange H, Seibold E (1982)
Atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns off
Northwest Africa during the past 25 million years.
In: Rad U von, Hinz K, Sarnthein M, Seibold E (eds)
Geology of the Northwest African Continental Margin. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp584-604
Sarnthein M, Winn K, Duplessy J-C, Fontugne MR
(1988) Global variations of surface ocean productiv-
343
Mulitza S (1994) Spl1tquartare Variation en der
oberfHichennahen Hydrographie im westlichen
l1quatorialen Atlantik. Ber Fachber Geowiss Univ
Bremen 57,pp 1-97
Mulitza S, Riihlemann C, Bickert T, Hale W, Pl1tzold J,
Wefer G (1998a) Late Quaternary BC gradients and
carbonate accumulation in the western equatorial
Atlantic. Earth Planet Sci Lett 155: 237-249
MulitzaS, WolffT, PatzoldJ, Hale W, WeferG (I 998b)
Temperature sensitivity of planktic foraminifera and
its influence on the oxygen isotope record. Mar
Micropaleontol33: 223-240
MUller PI, Suess E (1979) Productivity, sedimentation
rate, and sedimentary organic matter in the oceans -
I. Organic carbon preservation. Deep-Sea Res 26A:
1347-1362
Miiller PI, Erlenkeuser H, von Grafenstein R (1983) Glacial-interglacial cycles in oceanic productivity inferred from organic carbon contents in eastern North
Atlantic sediment cores. In: Thiede I, Suess E (eds)
Coastal upwelling, Its sediment record (Part B).
Plenum Press, New York, pp 365-398
MUller PI, Hartmann M, Suess E (1988) The chemical
environment of pelagic sediments. In: Halbach P,
Friedrich G, von Stackelberg U (eds) The manganese
nodule belt of the Pacific Ocean. Ferdinand Enke
Verlag, Stuttgart, pp 70-90
MUller PI, Schneider R, Ruhland G (1994) Late Quaternary PC0 2 variations in the Angola Current: Evidence from organic carbon OBC and alkenone temperatures. In: Zahn R, Pedersen TF, Kaminski MA,
Labeyrie L (eds) Carbon Cycling in the Glacial Ocean:
Constraints on the Ocean's Role in Global Change.
NATO ASI Series, Vol 17, Springer, Berlin Heidelberg
New YOlK, pp 343-366
Murray JW, Grundmanis V (1980) Oxygen consumption
in pelagic marine sediments. Science 209: 1527-1529
NUrnberg CC, Bohrrnann G, SchlUter M, FrankM (1997)
Barium accumulation in the Atlantic sector of the
Southern Ocean: Results from 190,000-year records.
Paleoceanography 12: 594-603
Pace ML, Knauer GA, Karl DM, Martin 1M (1987) Primary production, new production and vertical flux
in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Nature 325: 803-804
Pedersen TF (1983) Increased productivity in the eastern equatorial Pacific during the last glacial maximum
(19,000 to 14,000 yr BP). Geology 11: 16-19
Pedersen TF, Nielsen B, Pickering M (1991) Timing of
Late Quaternary productivity pulses in the Panama
Basin and implictations for atmospheric CO 2 ,
Paleoceanography 6: 657-677
Pisias NG Prell, W, Prahl F, Delaney M, Lea D, Jasper J,
Popp B, Rau G, Murray R, McCorkle D, ReaD, Derry
L and Workshop Participants (1995) Marine aspects
of Earth System History (MESH). Proxy Development Workshop Report, January 1995, Corvallis,
Oregon, pp 1-75
Platt T, Harrison WG (1985) Biogenic fluxes of carbon
and oxygen in the ocean. Nature 318: 55-58
Pokras EM (1987) Diatom record of Late Quaternary climatic change in the eastern equatorial Atlantic and
tropical Africa. Paleoceanography 2: 273-286
Prell WL, Curry WB (1981) Faunal and isotopic indices
of monsoonal upwelling: Western Arabian Sea.
OceanolActa4: 91-98
Prospero 1M (1996) The atmospheric transport of particles to the ocean. In: Ittekkot V, Schafer P, Honjo S,
Depetris PJ (eds) Particle Flux in the Ocean. I Wiley
& Sons, Chichester, pp 19-52
Reid JL, Brinton E, Fieminger A, Venrick EL, McGowan
JA (1978) Ocean circulation and marine life. In:
Charnock H, Deacon Sir G (eds) Advances in Oceanography. Plenum Press, New York, pp 65-130
Reimers CE (1989) Control of benthic fluxes by
particulate supply. In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS,
Wefer G (eds) Productivity of the ocean: Present and
Past. J Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp 217-233
Reimers CE, Suess E (I 983) Spatial and temporal patterns
of organic matter accumulation on the Peru continental margin. In: Suess E, Thiede I (eds) Coastal
upwelling, its sediment record Part A: Response of
the sedimentary regime to Present coastal upwelling.
Plenum Press, New York London, pp 31 1-337
Riihlemann C, Frank M, Hale W, Mangini A, Mulitza S,
MUller P, Wefer G (1996) Late Quaternary productivity changes in the western equatorial Atlantic:
Evidence from 23°Th-normalized carbonate and
organic carbon accumulation rates. Mar Geol135:
127-152
Sarnthein M, Winn K, Zahn R (1987) Paleoproductivity
of ocean upwelling and the effect on atmospheric
CO 2 and climatic change during deglaciation times.
In: Berger WH, Labeyrie L (eds) Abrupt Climatic
Change. Reidel, Dordrecht, pp 3 I 1-337
Sarnthein M, Thiede J, Pflaumann U, Erlenkeuser H,
FUtterer D, Koopmann B, Lange H, Seibold E (1982)
Atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns off
Northwest Africa during the past 25 million years.
In: Rad U von, Hinz K, Sarnthein M, Seibold E (eds)
Geology of the Northwest African Continental Margin. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York,
pp584-604
Sarnthein M, Winn K, Duplessy J-C, Fontugne MR
(1988) Global variations of surface ocean productiv-