Organic Carbon and Carbonate as Paleoproductivity Proxies
339
BM, Riedel WR (eds) Micropaleontology of the
Oceans. Cambridge University Press, London,
pp 105-149
Berger WH (1968) Planktonic foraminifera: Selective
solution and paleoclimatic interpretation. Deep-Sea
Res 15: 31-43
Berger WH (1976) Biogenous deep-sea sediments: production, preservation, and interpretation. In: Riley
JP, Chester R (eds) Treatise on Chemical Oceanography, Vo15. Academic Press, New York, pp265-388
Berger WH (1989) Global maps of ocean productivity.
In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G (eds) Productivity of the ocean: Present and Past. 1 Wiley & Sons,
Chichester, pp 455-486
Berger WH, Herguera lC (1992) Reading the sedimentary record of the ocean's productivity. In: Falkowski
PF, Woodhead AD (eds) Primary Productivity and
Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. Plenum Press,
New York, pp 455-486
Berger WH, Keir RS (1984) Glacial-Holocene changes
in atmospheric CO 2 and the deep-sea record. In:
Hansen JE, Takahashi T (eds) Climate Processes and
Climate Sensitivity. Geophys Monogr 29, Amer
Geophys Union, Washington DC, pp 337-351
Berger WH, Wefer G (1990) Export production:
Seasonality and intermittency , and paleoceanographic implications. Palaeoceanogr Palaeoclimatol
Palaeoecol89: 245-254
Berger WH, Ade1seck CG, Mayer LA (1976): Distribution
of carbonates in surface sediments of the Pacific
Ocean. 1 Geophys Res 81: 2617-2627
Berger WH, BonneauM-C, Parker FL (1982) Foraminifera
on the deep-sea floor: Lysocline and dissolution rate.
Oceanol Acta 5: 249-258
Berger WH, Fischer K, Lai C, Wu G (1987) Ocean productivity and organic carbon flux. Part I. Overview
and maps of primary production and export production. Univ of California, San Diego, SIO Ref87-30,
pp 1-67
BergerWH,SmetacekVS, WeferG(eds)(1989a)Pmductivity of the ocean: Present and Past. 1 Wiley & Sons,
Chichester, pp 1-471
Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G (1989b) Ocean productivity and paleoproductivity: An overview. In:
Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G (eds) Productivity of the ocean: Present and Past. 1 Wiley & Sons,
Chichester, pp 1-34
Berger WH, Herguera lC, Lange CB, Schneider R (1994)
Paleoproductivity: Flux proxies versus nutrient proxies and other problems concerning the Quaternary
productivity record. In: Zahn R, Pedersen TF,
Kaminski MA, Labeyrie L (eds) Carbon Cycling in
the Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the Ocean's Role
in Global Change. NATO ASI Series, Vol 17, Springer,
Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 385-412
BertrandP, Shimmield G, MartinezP, GroussetF, lorissen
F, Paterne M, Pujol C, Bouloubassi I, Buat Menard
P, Peypouquet 1-P, Beaufort L, Sirce M-A, LallierVerges E, Foster 1M, Ternois Y and the other
Participantes of the Sedorqua Program (1996) The
glacial ocean productivity hypothesis: The importance of regional temporal and spatial studies. Mar
Geol130: 1-9
Betzer PR, Showers Wl, Laws EA., Winn CD, Dituillio
GR, Kroopnick PM (1984) Primary productivity and
particle fluxes on a transect of the Equator at 153 0
W in the Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res 31: 1-11
Bickert T (1992) Rekonstruktion der spatquartaren
Bodenwasserzirkulation im iistlichen Stidatlantik
tiber stabile Isotope benthischer Foraminiferen. Ber
Fachber Geowiss Univ Bremen 27, pp 1-205
Bickert T, Wefer G (1996) Late Quaternary deep water
circulation in the South Atlantic: Reconstruction
from carbonate dissolution and benthic stable isotopes. In: Wefer G, Berger WH, Siedler G, Webb DJ
(eds) The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp
599-620
Biebow N (1996) Dinoflagellatenzysten als Indikatoren
der spat- und postglazialen Entwicklung des
Auftriebsgeschehens vor Peru. Ber GEOMAR Kiel
57,pp 1-100
Biscaye PE, Kolla VR, Turekian KK (1976) Distribution
of calcium carbonate in surface sediments of the
Atlantic Ocean. 1 Geophys Res 81: 2595-2603
Bishop JKB (1989) Regional extremes in particulate matter
composition and flux: Effects on the chemistry of the
ocean interior. In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer
G (eds) Productivity of the ocean: Present and Past.
1 Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp 117-137
Bodungen B von (1988) Pelagische Prim1irproduktion
und vertikaler PartikelfluB im Ozean, Methodische
und konzeptionelle Aspekte. Habilitationsschrift,
Univ Kiel, pp 1-156
Boyle EA (1 988a) Cadmium: chemical tracer of deepwater paleoceanography. Paleoceanography 3:
471-489
Boyle EA (1988b) The role of vertical chemical
fractionation in controlling late Quaternary atmospheric carbon dioxide. 1 Geophys Res 93:
15,701-15,714
Bralower TJ, Thierstein HR (1984) Low productivity and
slow deep-water circulation in Mid-Cretaceous
oceans. Geology 12: 614-618
339
BM, Riedel WR (eds) Micropaleontology of the
Oceans. Cambridge University Press, London,
pp 105-149
Berger WH (1968) Planktonic foraminifera: Selective
solution and paleoclimatic interpretation. Deep-Sea
Res 15: 31-43
Berger WH (1976) Biogenous deep-sea sediments: production, preservation, and interpretation. In: Riley
JP, Chester R (eds) Treatise on Chemical Oceanography, Vo15. Academic Press, New York, pp265-388
Berger WH (1989) Global maps of ocean productivity.
In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G (eds) Productivity of the ocean: Present and Past. 1 Wiley & Sons,
Chichester, pp 455-486
Berger WH, Herguera lC (1992) Reading the sedimentary record of the ocean's productivity. In: Falkowski
PF, Woodhead AD (eds) Primary Productivity and
Biogeochemical Cycles in the Sea. Plenum Press,
New York, pp 455-486
Berger WH, Keir RS (1984) Glacial-Holocene changes
in atmospheric CO 2 and the deep-sea record. In:
Hansen JE, Takahashi T (eds) Climate Processes and
Climate Sensitivity. Geophys Monogr 29, Amer
Geophys Union, Washington DC, pp 337-351
Berger WH, Wefer G (1990) Export production:
Seasonality and intermittency , and paleoceanographic implications. Palaeoceanogr Palaeoclimatol
Palaeoecol89: 245-254
Berger WH, Ade1seck CG, Mayer LA (1976): Distribution
of carbonates in surface sediments of the Pacific
Ocean. 1 Geophys Res 81: 2617-2627
Berger WH, BonneauM-C, Parker FL (1982) Foraminifera
on the deep-sea floor: Lysocline and dissolution rate.
Oceanol Acta 5: 249-258
Berger WH, Fischer K, Lai C, Wu G (1987) Ocean productivity and organic carbon flux. Part I. Overview
and maps of primary production and export production. Univ of California, San Diego, SIO Ref87-30,
pp 1-67
BergerWH,SmetacekVS, WeferG(eds)(1989a)Pmductivity of the ocean: Present and Past. 1 Wiley & Sons,
Chichester, pp 1-471
Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G (1989b) Ocean productivity and paleoproductivity: An overview. In:
Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer G (eds) Productivity of the ocean: Present and Past. 1 Wiley & Sons,
Chichester, pp 1-34
Berger WH, Herguera lC, Lange CB, Schneider R (1994)
Paleoproductivity: Flux proxies versus nutrient proxies and other problems concerning the Quaternary
productivity record. In: Zahn R, Pedersen TF,
Kaminski MA, Labeyrie L (eds) Carbon Cycling in
the Glacial Ocean: Constraints on the Ocean's Role
in Global Change. NATO ASI Series, Vol 17, Springer,
Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 385-412
BertrandP, Shimmield G, MartinezP, GroussetF, lorissen
F, Paterne M, Pujol C, Bouloubassi I, Buat Menard
P, Peypouquet 1-P, Beaufort L, Sirce M-A, LallierVerges E, Foster 1M, Ternois Y and the other
Participantes of the Sedorqua Program (1996) The
glacial ocean productivity hypothesis: The importance of regional temporal and spatial studies. Mar
Geol130: 1-9
Betzer PR, Showers Wl, Laws EA., Winn CD, Dituillio
GR, Kroopnick PM (1984) Primary productivity and
particle fluxes on a transect of the Equator at 153 0
W in the Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Res 31: 1-11
Bickert T (1992) Rekonstruktion der spatquartaren
Bodenwasserzirkulation im iistlichen Stidatlantik
tiber stabile Isotope benthischer Foraminiferen. Ber
Fachber Geowiss Univ Bremen 27, pp 1-205
Bickert T, Wefer G (1996) Late Quaternary deep water
circulation in the South Atlantic: Reconstruction
from carbonate dissolution and benthic stable isotopes. In: Wefer G, Berger WH, Siedler G, Webb DJ
(eds) The South Atlantic: Present and Past Circulation. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp
599-620
Biebow N (1996) Dinoflagellatenzysten als Indikatoren
der spat- und postglazialen Entwicklung des
Auftriebsgeschehens vor Peru. Ber GEOMAR Kiel
57,pp 1-100
Biscaye PE, Kolla VR, Turekian KK (1976) Distribution
of calcium carbonate in surface sediments of the
Atlantic Ocean. 1 Geophys Res 81: 2595-2603
Bishop JKB (1989) Regional extremes in particulate matter
composition and flux: Effects on the chemistry of the
ocean interior. In: Berger WH, Smetacek VS, Wefer
G (eds) Productivity of the ocean: Present and Past.
1 Wiley & Sons, Chichester, pp 117-137
Bodungen B von (1988) Pelagische Prim1irproduktion
und vertikaler PartikelfluB im Ozean, Methodische
und konzeptionelle Aspekte. Habilitationsschrift,
Univ Kiel, pp 1-156
Boyle EA (1 988a) Cadmium: chemical tracer of deepwater paleoceanography. Paleoceanography 3:
471-489
Boyle EA (1988b) The role of vertical chemical
fractionation in controlling late Quaternary atmospheric carbon dioxide. 1 Geophys Res 93:
15,701-15,714
Bralower TJ, Thierstein HR (1984) Low productivity and
slow deep-water circulation in Mid-Cretaceous
oceans. Geology 12: 614-618