242
Mackensen and Bickert
•
0.8
0
0.6
~
• 0 0 0
• •
•
o •
0
OA
0.2
0
• •
00
~
•
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•
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o~ __ ~ __ ~.-__ ~~ ______ ~o.-~DLn __ ~O~ ________ ~.~ __ ~
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-OA
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o
o 0
•
1000
o
•
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Water depth (m)
Fig. 6. The differences between bottom water B"C'C02 and benthic foraminiferal B"C is plotted versus water depth.
m o Ca 1.5
~
- UI
Q)
"C
'0
"C
·u
:.c (3
0.5
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o
CJ
..
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•
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all oceans
0
South Atfantic
• Arctic Ocean (live)
<>
Arctic Ocean (dead)
II
Southern Ocean (dead)
... Southern Ocean (live)
-0.5~~~~~-+~~--~~+-~~~~~~~~ __ ~
-0.5
0
0.5
1.5
Fig. 7. The B"C of F. wuellerstorfi and closely related cibicidoids is plotted versus B"C'C02 of bottom water on a
global scale. Open circles are data from Duplessy et al. (\ 984) used to calibrate the B"C benthic foraminiferal proxy,
South Atlantic Ocean data are from Bickert (1992) and this paper (open squares), Southern Ocean data are from
Mackensen et al. (1993) and this paper (filled triangles: live; open: dead), and Arctic Ocean data (filled rhombs:
live; open: dead) are from Mackensen (\ 997).