Part C | 29.7
648 Part C Coastal Design
beaches of southern California. Three projects were
solely beach replenishment projects. All of the others were coastal oriented projects in which the
deposition of sand on the public beaches was simply a by-product or secondary benefit of the total
consideration.
Of this 83 million m
3 , Herron only lists 21 million m
3
placed in the Santa Monica Bay cell leaving
62 million m
3 placed on beaches other than those in
Santa Monica Bay. Based on personal observation,
many of these beaches continue to perform well with
only minor maintenance required.
Miami Beach, FL. This project, also known as the
Dade County Beach Nourishment Project, is approximately 16 km long and was constructed over the period
1976 to 1981 with approximately 7:7 million m
3 of sand
from offshore borrow areas. Prior to the nourishment, in
many places the beach was located along the seawalls
making it risky to walk along the shoreline at high tide
and energetic wave conditions. An excellent review of
this project is provided by Wiegel [29.23]. The effects of
this project in revitalizing the economy of the area are
quite substantial and are presented in Houston [29.24,
25].
Atlantic Beach and Jacksonville Beach, FL. The
St. Johns River Entrance north (updrift) of Atlantic
Beach and Jacksonville Beach has been stabilized by
long jetties and deepened for navigational purposes.
This entrance has essentially severed the substantial
net southerly sediment transport estimated at approximately 420 000 m
3
=year resulting in severe erosion
of the beaches of Atlantic Beach and Jacksonville
Beaches in the early 1960s. The major northeaster of
1962 and Hurricane Dora in 1964 devastated these
beaches destroying seawalls and other structures located along the shore. Following these events, nourishment projects were constructed with sand obtained
from the entrance channel shoal material and ebb
tidal shoal of St. Johns River. This combination of
projects has successfully maintained the beaches in
this area since the 1970s, best illustrated in the beach
performance during the 2004 severe hurricane and
Nor’easter season, where the buildings and properties adjacent to nourished beaches were relatively
undamaged.
Since 1963, a total of 10:3 million m
3 of sand has
been placed south of the St. Johns River Entrance.
Ten projects were constructed with sand dredged for
navigation (4:05 million m
3 ), seven were Federal shore
protection projects (5:2 million m
3 ) and two were joint
navigation and shore protection projects.
Although a thorough documentation of this project
is warranted, none has been conducted. However,
an excellent Powerpoint presentation by Howard
et al. [29.26] is available.
29.7 Other Beach Nourishment Projects
The nourishment projects discussed in this section are
examples of projects of different scales and settings and
are generally considered to be performing quite effectively.
29.7.1 Seabright
to Manasquan Inlet, NJ
This beach has one of the longest histories as a recreational beach destination in the United States, which led
to the early development of the coastline. The shoreline
was protected early and often with a wide variety of
coastal protective structures, including substantial seawalls, groins, and revetments, all considered the latest
methods at the time.
Initial project construction occurred between January 1994 and June 2000 and the first and second
renourishments were completed in November 2002 and
early 2012. Initial construction placed 17:0 million m
3
of sand along most of the 34 km ocean shoreline of
Monmouth County. The beach has performed well and
exceeded the expected nourishment performance despite some predictions to the contrary.
29.7.2 Captiva Island, FL
Captiva Island is a 8 km long island on the southwest
coast of Florida bordered by two coastal inlets; Redfish
Pass to the north and Blind Pass to the south. Since Redfish Pass was opened by a hurricane in 1923 the island
has been starved of the net southerly sediment transport
and has eroded significantly. In 1981 beach nourishment
took place along the northern 3:2 km of the island placing 500 000 m
3 of sand from the ebb shoal of Redfish
Pass. Island-wide nourishment followed in 1989 which
placed 1:2 million m
3 of sand was also taken from Redfish Pass ebb shoal. There have been two subsequent renourishments of the island using offshore sands in 1996
and 2005 which placed an additional 1:4 million m
3 .
The southern limit of the project has been extended to
648 Part C Coastal Design
beaches of southern California. Three projects were
solely beach replenishment projects. All of the others were coastal oriented projects in which the
deposition of sand on the public beaches was simply a by-product or secondary benefit of the total
consideration.
Of this 83 million m
3 , Herron only lists 21 million m
3
placed in the Santa Monica Bay cell leaving
62 million m
3 placed on beaches other than those in
Santa Monica Bay. Based on personal observation,
many of these beaches continue to perform well with
only minor maintenance required.
Miami Beach, FL. This project, also known as the
Dade County Beach Nourishment Project, is approximately 16 km long and was constructed over the period
1976 to 1981 with approximately 7:7 million m
3 of sand
from offshore borrow areas. Prior to the nourishment, in
many places the beach was located along the seawalls
making it risky to walk along the shoreline at high tide
and energetic wave conditions. An excellent review of
this project is provided by Wiegel [29.23]. The effects of
this project in revitalizing the economy of the area are
quite substantial and are presented in Houston [29.24,
25].
Atlantic Beach and Jacksonville Beach, FL. The
St. Johns River Entrance north (updrift) of Atlantic
Beach and Jacksonville Beach has been stabilized by
long jetties and deepened for navigational purposes.
This entrance has essentially severed the substantial
net southerly sediment transport estimated at approximately 420 000 m
3
=year resulting in severe erosion
of the beaches of Atlantic Beach and Jacksonville
Beaches in the early 1960s. The major northeaster of
1962 and Hurricane Dora in 1964 devastated these
beaches destroying seawalls and other structures located along the shore. Following these events, nourishment projects were constructed with sand obtained
from the entrance channel shoal material and ebb
tidal shoal of St. Johns River. This combination of
projects has successfully maintained the beaches in
this area since the 1970s, best illustrated in the beach
performance during the 2004 severe hurricane and
Nor’easter season, where the buildings and properties adjacent to nourished beaches were relatively
undamaged.
Since 1963, a total of 10:3 million m
3 of sand has
been placed south of the St. Johns River Entrance.
Ten projects were constructed with sand dredged for
navigation (4:05 million m
3 ), seven were Federal shore
protection projects (5:2 million m
3 ) and two were joint
navigation and shore protection projects.
Although a thorough documentation of this project
is warranted, none has been conducted. However,
an excellent Powerpoint presentation by Howard
et al. [29.26] is available.
29.7 Other Beach Nourishment Projects
The nourishment projects discussed in this section are
examples of projects of different scales and settings and
are generally considered to be performing quite effectively.
29.7.1 Seabright
to Manasquan Inlet, NJ
This beach has one of the longest histories as a recreational beach destination in the United States, which led
to the early development of the coastline. The shoreline
was protected early and often with a wide variety of
coastal protective structures, including substantial seawalls, groins, and revetments, all considered the latest
methods at the time.
Initial project construction occurred between January 1994 and June 2000 and the first and second
renourishments were completed in November 2002 and
early 2012. Initial construction placed 17:0 million m
3
of sand along most of the 34 km ocean shoreline of
Monmouth County. The beach has performed well and
exceeded the expected nourishment performance despite some predictions to the contrary.
29.7.2 Captiva Island, FL
Captiva Island is a 8 km long island on the southwest
coast of Florida bordered by two coastal inlets; Redfish
Pass to the north and Blind Pass to the south. Since Redfish Pass was opened by a hurricane in 1923 the island
has been starved of the net southerly sediment transport
and has eroded significantly. In 1981 beach nourishment
took place along the northern 3:2 km of the island placing 500 000 m
3 of sand from the ebb shoal of Redfish
Pass. Island-wide nourishment followed in 1989 which
placed 1:2 million m
3 of sand was also taken from Redfish Pass ebb shoal. There have been two subsequent renourishments of the island using offshore sands in 1996
and 2005 which placed an additional 1:4 million m
3 .
The southern limit of the project has been extended to