Part C | 25
562 Part C Coastal Design
p far
Far-field barometric pressure
r
Radial distance from cyclone center
O
r c
Radius of curvature of the isobars
R
Tsunami runup
R 33
Cyclone radius to U a D 33 m s
1
R max
Cyclone radius to maximum wind speed
SLR
Sea-level rise
T p
Peak wave period
U
Wind velocity
U a
Wind velocity relative to earth
U a-max
Cyclone’s maximum wind speed
U max
Cyclone maximum wind speed, relative
to the cyclone’s center
v
Water velocity
V f
Cyclone forward velocity
Q
x
Distance to point of interest
X
Fetch distance
X basin
Width of the basin
X shelf
Local width of continental shelf
X shelf-30
Cross-shore distance from shoreline to
30 m depth contour
cot ˇ
Bottom slope
baro
Barometric surge
Ek
Ekman setup
storm
Total storm flood elevation
tide
Astronomical tide level
wind
Wind surge
wave
Wave setup
Coefficient
a
Air density
b
Bottom stress
s
Surface wind stress
wave
Wave radiation stress gradient
References
25.1
I.M. Cline: Special Report of the Galveston Hurricane of September 8, 1900 (United States Weather
Bureau Office, Galveston 1900)
25.2
N.L. Frank, S.A. Husain: Deadliest tropical cyclone
in history?, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 52(6), 438–
445 (1971)
25.3
G.R. Flierl, A.R. Robinson: Deadly surges in bay of
Bengal – Dynamics and storm-tide tables, Nature
239(5369), 213–215 (1972)
25.4
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: NOAA’s top global weather, water and climate events of the 20th century, http://www.
noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/images/global.pdf
25.5
US Army Corps of Engineers: Performance Evaluation of the New Orleans and Southeast Louisiana
Hurricane Protection System, Draft final report
of the Interagency Performance Evaluation Task
Force (US Army Corps of Engineers, Washington
2006)
25.6
N. Lott, T. Ross: Tracking and Evaluating US Billion
Dollar Weather Disasters, 1980–2005 (National
Climatic Data Center, Asheville 2006), database
updated in 2012
25.7
E.S. Blake, C.W. Landsea, E.J. Gibney: The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States
Hurricanes from 1851 to 2010 (and Other Frequently
Requested Hurricane Facts), Tech. Memo. NWS,
Vol. NHC-6 (NOAA, Miami 2011)
25.8
R.H. Simpson: The hurricane disaster-potential
scale, Weatherwise 27, 169, 186 (1974)
25.9
J.W. East, M.J. Turco, R.R. Mason Jr.: Monitoring inland storm surge and flooding from Hurricane Ike in Texas and Louisiana, September
2008, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1365/ (2008),
US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008–
1365
25.10
P.J. Baxter: The east coast big flood, 31 January–1
February 1953: A summary of the human disaster,
Philos. Trans. R. S. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 363(1831),
1293–1312 (2005)
25.11
H. Gerritsen: What happened in 1953? – The big
flood in the Netherlands in retrospect, Philos.
Trans. R. S. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 363(1831), 1271–
1291 (2005)
25.12
V.V. Titov, A.B. Rabinovich, J.O. Mofjeld,
R.E. Thomson, F.I. Gonzalez: The global reach of
the 26 Decemeber 2004 Sumatra tsunami, Science
390, 2045–2048 (2005)
25.13
National Geographic: The deadliest tsunami in
history? National Geographic News, January 7,
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/
12/1227_041226_tsunami.html 2005
25.14
D.G. Masson, C.B. Harbitz, R.B. Wynn, G. Perdersen, F. Lovholt: Submarine landslides: Processes,
triggers and hazard prediction, Phil. Trans. R. Soc.
A 364, 2009–2039 (2006)
25.15
C.B. Harbitz, G. Pedersen, B. Gjevik: Numerical
simulations of large water waves due to landslides, J. Hydraulic Eng. 119(12), 1325–1342 (1993)
25.16
C.B. Harbitz: Model simulations of tsunamis generated by the Storrega slides, Mar. Geophys. 105,
1–21 (1992)
25.17
E.A. Okal: T-waves from the 1998 Papua New
Guinea earthquake and its aftershocks: Timing
of the tsunamigenic slump, Pure Appl. Geophys.
160, 1843–1863 (2003)
25.18
C.E. Synolakis, J.-P. Bardet, J.C. Borrero,
H.L. Davis, E.A. Okal, E.A. Silver, S. Sweet,
D.R. Tappin: The slump origin of the 1998 Papua
New Guinea tsunami, Proc. Roy. Soc. A 458,
763–789 (2002)
25.19
H.M. Fritz, W.H. Hager, H.-E. Minor: Lituya Bay
case: Rockslide impact and wave run-up, Sci.
Tsunami Hazard 19(1), 3–22 (2001)
25.20
R. Weiss, H.M. Fritz, K. Wuennemann: Hybrid
modeling of the mega tsunami run-up in Lituya
562 Part C Coastal Design
p far
Far-field barometric pressure
r
Radial distance from cyclone center
O
r c
Radius of curvature of the isobars
R
Tsunami runup
R 33
Cyclone radius to U a D 33 m s
1
R max
Cyclone radius to maximum wind speed
SLR
Sea-level rise
T p
Peak wave period
U
Wind velocity
U a
Wind velocity relative to earth
U a-max
Cyclone’s maximum wind speed
U max
Cyclone maximum wind speed, relative
to the cyclone’s center
v
Water velocity
V f
Cyclone forward velocity
Q
x
Distance to point of interest
X
Fetch distance
X basin
Width of the basin
X shelf
Local width of continental shelf
X shelf-30
Cross-shore distance from shoreline to
30 m depth contour
cot ˇ
Bottom slope
baro
Barometric surge
Ek
Ekman setup
storm
Total storm flood elevation
tide
Astronomical tide level
wind
Wind surge
wave
Wave setup
Coefficient
a
Air density
b
Bottom stress
s
Surface wind stress
wave
Wave radiation stress gradient
References
25.1
I.M. Cline: Special Report of the Galveston Hurricane of September 8, 1900 (United States Weather
Bureau Office, Galveston 1900)
25.2
N.L. Frank, S.A. Husain: Deadliest tropical cyclone
in history?, Bull. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 52(6), 438–
445 (1971)
25.3
G.R. Flierl, A.R. Robinson: Deadly surges in bay of
Bengal – Dynamics and storm-tide tables, Nature
239(5369), 213–215 (1972)
25.4
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration: NOAA’s top global weather, water and climate events of the 20th century, http://www.
noaanews.noaa.gov/stories/images/global.pdf
25.5
US Army Corps of Engineers: Performance Evaluation of the New Orleans and Southeast Louisiana
Hurricane Protection System, Draft final report
of the Interagency Performance Evaluation Task
Force (US Army Corps of Engineers, Washington
2006)
25.6
N. Lott, T. Ross: Tracking and Evaluating US Billion
Dollar Weather Disasters, 1980–2005 (National
Climatic Data Center, Asheville 2006), database
updated in 2012
25.7
E.S. Blake, C.W. Landsea, E.J. Gibney: The Deadliest, Costliest, and Most Intense United States
Hurricanes from 1851 to 2010 (and Other Frequently
Requested Hurricane Facts), Tech. Memo. NWS,
Vol. NHC-6 (NOAA, Miami 2011)
25.8
R.H. Simpson: The hurricane disaster-potential
scale, Weatherwise 27, 169, 186 (1974)
25.9
J.W. East, M.J. Turco, R.R. Mason Jr.: Monitoring inland storm surge and flooding from Hurricane Ike in Texas and Louisiana, September
2008, http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1365/ (2008),
US Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008–
1365
25.10
P.J. Baxter: The east coast big flood, 31 January–1
February 1953: A summary of the human disaster,
Philos. Trans. R. S. Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 363(1831),
1293–1312 (2005)
25.11
H. Gerritsen: What happened in 1953? – The big
flood in the Netherlands in retrospect, Philos.
Trans. R. S. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 363(1831), 1271–
1291 (2005)
25.12
V.V. Titov, A.B. Rabinovich, J.O. Mofjeld,
R.E. Thomson, F.I. Gonzalez: The global reach of
the 26 Decemeber 2004 Sumatra tsunami, Science
390, 2045–2048 (2005)
25.13
National Geographic: The deadliest tsunami in
history? National Geographic News, January 7,
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/
12/1227_041226_tsunami.html 2005
25.14
D.G. Masson, C.B. Harbitz, R.B. Wynn, G. Perdersen, F. Lovholt: Submarine landslides: Processes,
triggers and hazard prediction, Phil. Trans. R. Soc.
A 364, 2009–2039 (2006)
25.15
C.B. Harbitz, G. Pedersen, B. Gjevik: Numerical
simulations of large water waves due to landslides, J. Hydraulic Eng. 119(12), 1325–1342 (1993)
25.16
C.B. Harbitz: Model simulations of tsunamis generated by the Storrega slides, Mar. Geophys. 105,
1–21 (1992)
25.17
E.A. Okal: T-waves from the 1998 Papua New
Guinea earthquake and its aftershocks: Timing
of the tsunamigenic slump, Pure Appl. Geophys.
160, 1843–1863 (2003)
25.18
C.E. Synolakis, J.-P. Bardet, J.C. Borrero,
H.L. Davis, E.A. Okal, E.A. Silver, S. Sweet,
D.R. Tappin: The slump origin of the 1998 Papua
New Guinea tsunami, Proc. Roy. Soc. A 458,
763–789 (2002)
25.19
H.M. Fritz, W.H. Hager, H.-E. Minor: Lituya Bay
case: Rockslide impact and wave run-up, Sci.
Tsunami Hazard 19(1), 3–22 (2001)
25.20
R. Weiss, H.M. Fritz, K. Wuennemann: Hybrid
modeling of the mega tsunami run-up in Lituya