547
early deterministic methods to more recent probabilistic
approaches.
Chapter 27, Modeling of Coastal Waves and Hydrodynamics, covers the details of numerical models
of wave propagation. Both phase-averaged (spectral)
models and phase-resolved (Boussinesq time-domain,
frequency-domain) models are covered, and an indication of the typical domains of applicability, and associated model computation times, are discussed. The
appropriate modeling strategies for wind waves, swell,
and long waves (tsunamis) are detailed. The use of
Navier–Stokes type models for breaking waves and turbulence modeling is introduced, along with strategies to
couple with time-domain wave models.
Chapter 28, Modeling of Coastal Morphological
Processes, addresses the various types of models used
to simulate the evolution of the shoreline and beach
face due to waves and nearshore currents. Simple analytical and semi-empirical models are introduced first.
The drawback of such models is the tendency toward an
equilibrium solution that may not be realistic. Processbased models are then discussed, which eliminate any
consideration of an equilibrium solution and allow the
beach to evolve freely according to the forcing and resultant feedback. Details of these processed-based models are described, and their own development toward
equilibrium states discussed. Case studies showing the
application of these models are outlined.
Chapter 29, Beach Nourishment, describes the design, construction and analysis of beach fills, and shoreline stabilization. Design considerations for successful
beach nourishment projects are discussed, with an emphasis on the quality of the sand and its effect on the
success of the nourishment. The effects of coastal structures on beach nourishment are described. Analytical
solutions for shoreline evolution are outlined as possible design tools for relatively quick analysis, with
numerical models of shoreline evolution used for more
detailed studies. Legacy beach nourishment projects are
covered, and the reasons for their successful performance detailed.
Chapter 30, Storm Hazard Mitigation Structures,
covers design issues regarding coastal structures and
their implementation as part of a coastal system. Design
conditions (waves, water levels) and their translation to
forces on structures are described. Methods for quantifying wave runup and overtopping of structures are
discussed. Vertical caisson structures and rubble mound
structures are covered; the discussion of rubble mound
structures also includes armor layer design, concrete armor unit design, and cross-section design. Life-cycle
cost analysis and risk are also discussed. In addition, structures to enhance shoreline stabilization are
addressed.
Chapter 31, Overview of Port and Harbor Design,
describes the various components of port and harbor
layout and their respective designs. There is an emphasis on the anticipated marine traffic and associated
accommodation requirements in the design discussion.
Types of port and harbor structures and their design
criteria are described, including some aspects of their
construction. Various kinds of piers and wharves, and
the advantages and disadvantages of each, are outlined.
Mooring and berthing operations are also described, including evaluation of the load on piers due to berthing
and the associated fender design.
Chapter 32, Marine Outfalls, covers the design,
analysis and environmental monitoring of outfalls used
to discharge treated wastewater into the marine environment. Various drivers for marine outfall design
are covered, including social, political, and health
concerns. Treatment criteria for wastewater prior to
discharge are outlined. Numerical modeling considerations for the outfall operation are discussed, and
the impact of the results on the design outlined. The
hydraulic characteristics of outfalls are addressed, including nozzle velocity, head losses, and anticipated
mixing. Various configurations of outfalls are described
and their impact on both treatment plant design and
discharge performance addressed. Outfall construction and environmental monitoring techniques are also
detailed.
early deterministic methods to more recent probabilistic
approaches.
Chapter 27, Modeling of Coastal Waves and Hydrodynamics, covers the details of numerical models
of wave propagation. Both phase-averaged (spectral)
models and phase-resolved (Boussinesq time-domain,
frequency-domain) models are covered, and an indication of the typical domains of applicability, and associated model computation times, are discussed. The
appropriate modeling strategies for wind waves, swell,
and long waves (tsunamis) are detailed. The use of
Navier–Stokes type models for breaking waves and turbulence modeling is introduced, along with strategies to
couple with time-domain wave models.
Chapter 28, Modeling of Coastal Morphological
Processes, addresses the various types of models used
to simulate the evolution of the shoreline and beach
face due to waves and nearshore currents. Simple analytical and semi-empirical models are introduced first.
The drawback of such models is the tendency toward an
equilibrium solution that may not be realistic. Processbased models are then discussed, which eliminate any
consideration of an equilibrium solution and allow the
beach to evolve freely according to the forcing and resultant feedback. Details of these processed-based models are described, and their own development toward
equilibrium states discussed. Case studies showing the
application of these models are outlined.
Chapter 29, Beach Nourishment, describes the design, construction and analysis of beach fills, and shoreline stabilization. Design considerations for successful
beach nourishment projects are discussed, with an emphasis on the quality of the sand and its effect on the
success of the nourishment. The effects of coastal structures on beach nourishment are described. Analytical
solutions for shoreline evolution are outlined as possible design tools for relatively quick analysis, with
numerical models of shoreline evolution used for more
detailed studies. Legacy beach nourishment projects are
covered, and the reasons for their successful performance detailed.
Chapter 30, Storm Hazard Mitigation Structures,
covers design issues regarding coastal structures and
their implementation as part of a coastal system. Design
conditions (waves, water levels) and their translation to
forces on structures are described. Methods for quantifying wave runup and overtopping of structures are
discussed. Vertical caisson structures and rubble mound
structures are covered; the discussion of rubble mound
structures also includes armor layer design, concrete armor unit design, and cross-section design. Life-cycle
cost analysis and risk are also discussed. In addition, structures to enhance shoreline stabilization are
addressed.
Chapter 31, Overview of Port and Harbor Design,
describes the various components of port and harbor
layout and their respective designs. There is an emphasis on the anticipated marine traffic and associated
accommodation requirements in the design discussion.
Types of port and harbor structures and their design
criteria are described, including some aspects of their
construction. Various kinds of piers and wharves, and
the advantages and disadvantages of each, are outlined.
Mooring and berthing operations are also described, including evaluation of the load on piers due to berthing
and the associated fender design.
Chapter 32, Marine Outfalls, covers the design,
analysis and environmental monitoring of outfalls used
to discharge treated wastewater into the marine environment. Various drivers for marine outfall design
are covered, including social, political, and health
concerns. Treatment criteria for wastewater prior to
discharge are outlined. Numerical modeling considerations for the outfall operation are discussed, and
the impact of the results on the design outlined. The
hydraulic characteristics of outfalls are addressed, including nozzle velocity, head losses, and anticipated
mixing. Various configurations of outfalls are described
and their impact on both treatment plant design and
discharge performance addressed. Outfall construction and environmental monitoring techniques are also
detailed.