Outer polar zone, 17
Outwash plain, 62
Overlay mapping, 4
Oxford, England, 29
Oxisol, 1, 41, 84, 86, 156
Ozarks, 92, 115, 116
Ozark Uplands, Missouri, 115, 116
P
Pacific Northwest, 132, 158
Pacific Northwest, U.S.A., 158
Pacific Ocean, 15, 23, 92, 127
Pack ice, 13, 17, 18
Pakistan, 72
Pampas, 63, 64, 75
Papua New Guinea, 85
Paramos, 91, 156
Paris, France, 61
Parkland, 63, 156
Patagonia, 69, 78
Patterned ground, 52
Peat, 52–54
Permafrost, 50–53, 95, 100, 156
Perth, Australia, 66
Peru (Humboldt) Current, 23
Petrified forest, Arizona, 5
Philippines, 87, 93
Physiognomy, 43, 156
Physiographic divisions, 134
Physiographic region, 147, 157
Physiography, 134, 147, 151, 156
Piedmont, 68, 70, 157
Pine, lodgepole, 93, 118, 143
Pine, ponderosa, 42, 91, 114, 128, 133, 134, 143
Pinyon, 90, 143
Pinyon-juniper woodland, 39, 70
Plains, 1, 2, 31, 35, 42, 43, 49, 50, 60–62, 64, 65, 68, 70,
75–77, 84, 86, 111, 147
Plankton, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 157
Plant adaptation region, 119, 157
Plant formation class, 29, 36, 157
Plant hardiness zone, 148
Plant successions, 75, 116, 118
Plate tectonics, 33, 96, 102, 157
Pleistocene glaciation, 53, 62
Podzol, 52, 55, 58–60, 63, 86, 157
Polar air masses, 51, 55, 61, 141
Polar domain, 14, 16–18, 36–38, 42, 47–48
Polar front, 14, 20, 141, 142, 157
Polar front, oceanic, 9, 14, 18, 19, 156
Polar ice, 19, 38, 50
Polar regions, 6, 13, 17, 18, 49, 96
Polar zone, 17, 27, 29, 150
Poleward monsoon zone, 19
Poleward trades zone, 22
Poleward westerlies zone, 18
Pollinator, 119
Pollinator Partnership, 119
Ponderosa pine, 91, 128, 133
Potential evaporation, 37, 49, 99
Potential natural vegetation, 30, 138, 150, 151, 157
Prairie division, 37, 42, 63–66
Prairie dog, 76, 144
Prairie soil, 41, 64, 65, 153
Precipitation, 5, 10–12, 17, 19–24, 28–30, 33, 35–37,
47–49, 51, 52, 55, 57, 60–63, 69, 70, 72, 75,
76, 78, 81, 89, 92, 93, 99, 100, 111, 115, 123,
149, 150, 156
Prickly pear cactus, 73
Primary production, 51
Pronghorn, 76, 143, 144
Puszta, 63
Q
Quantitative approach, 99, 151
R
Rainforest, 1, 29, 35, 38, 41, 60, 62, 81, 82, 84–86, 89, 96,
112, 128, 158
Rainforest division, 37, 38, 41, 42, 84–87
Range limit, 134
Range of variation, 127, 134–135
Red and yellow lateritic soils, 55
Red Sea, 20
Red-yellow podzol, 41, 59, 60, 86
Regolith, 49, 50, 67, 74, 81, 157
Research Natural Area, 122
Restoration, 119, 127, 133, 134, 154
Rice, 60, 61, 92
Rio Puerco, New Mexico, 72
Riparian forest, 105, 107, 127
Road construction, 119, 123
Rocky Mountains, 31, 34, 76, 78, 90, 93, 116–118, 123,
132, 134
Ruby Mountains, Nevada, 93
Russia, 21, 49, 57, 65, 75
S
Sagebrush, 31, 35, 76, 78, 93, 105, 107, 129, 143
Saguaro cactus, 74, 143
Sahara Desert, 72, 73, 142
Sahel, 70
Sahelian zone, 71
Salinity, 9, 10, 12–16, 19, 20, 24, 138, 157
Salinization, 76, 157
Salt flat, 74
Salt lake, 72
Sampling network, 111, 116–117
Sand dunes, 73, 74, 95, 105
San Francisco, California, 67
San Gabriel Mountains, California, 121
Sangre de Christos Mountains, Colorado, 34
Santa Valley, Peru, 74
Sargasso Sea, 20
Saskatchewan, 63
Savanna, 29, 35, 37, 38, 41, 42, 63, 70, 71, 75, 81–84, 86,
90, 91, 96, 105, 128, 157
division, 37, 42, 83–84
woodland, 83
Scales, 1, 4–6, 9, 12, 25, 30, 36, 43, 58, 89, 95, 102, 105,
107, 112, 114, 119–122, 124, 127–135, 137, 138,
147, 148, 150, 151
178
Index
Outwash plain, 62
Overlay mapping, 4
Oxford, England, 29
Oxisol, 1, 41, 84, 86, 156
Ozarks, 92, 115, 116
Ozark Uplands, Missouri, 115, 116
P
Pacific Northwest, 132, 158
Pacific Northwest, U.S.A., 158
Pacific Ocean, 15, 23, 92, 127
Pack ice, 13, 17, 18
Pakistan, 72
Pampas, 63, 64, 75
Papua New Guinea, 85
Paramos, 91, 156
Paris, France, 61
Parkland, 63, 156
Patagonia, 69, 78
Patterned ground, 52
Peat, 52–54
Permafrost, 50–53, 95, 100, 156
Perth, Australia, 66
Peru (Humboldt) Current, 23
Petrified forest, Arizona, 5
Philippines, 87, 93
Physiognomy, 43, 156
Physiographic divisions, 134
Physiographic region, 147, 157
Physiography, 134, 147, 151, 156
Piedmont, 68, 70, 157
Pine, lodgepole, 93, 118, 143
Pine, ponderosa, 42, 91, 114, 128, 133, 134, 143
Pinyon, 90, 143
Pinyon-juniper woodland, 39, 70
Plains, 1, 2, 31, 35, 42, 43, 49, 50, 60–62, 64, 65, 68, 70,
75–77, 84, 86, 111, 147
Plankton, 15, 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 157
Plant adaptation region, 119, 157
Plant formation class, 29, 36, 157
Plant hardiness zone, 148
Plant successions, 75, 116, 118
Plate tectonics, 33, 96, 102, 157
Pleistocene glaciation, 53, 62
Podzol, 52, 55, 58–60, 63, 86, 157
Polar air masses, 51, 55, 61, 141
Polar domain, 14, 16–18, 36–38, 42, 47–48
Polar front, 14, 20, 141, 142, 157
Polar front, oceanic, 9, 14, 18, 19, 156
Polar ice, 19, 38, 50
Polar regions, 6, 13, 17, 18, 49, 96
Polar zone, 17, 27, 29, 150
Poleward monsoon zone, 19
Poleward trades zone, 22
Poleward westerlies zone, 18
Pollinator, 119
Pollinator Partnership, 119
Ponderosa pine, 91, 128, 133
Potential evaporation, 37, 49, 99
Potential natural vegetation, 30, 138, 150, 151, 157
Prairie division, 37, 42, 63–66
Prairie dog, 76, 144
Prairie soil, 41, 64, 65, 153
Precipitation, 5, 10–12, 17, 19–24, 28–30, 33, 35–37,
47–49, 51, 52, 55, 57, 60–63, 69, 70, 72, 75,
76, 78, 81, 89, 92, 93, 99, 100, 111, 115, 123,
149, 150, 156
Prickly pear cactus, 73
Primary production, 51
Pronghorn, 76, 143, 144
Puszta, 63
Q
Quantitative approach, 99, 151
R
Rainforest, 1, 29, 35, 38, 41, 60, 62, 81, 82, 84–86, 89, 96,
112, 128, 158
Rainforest division, 37, 38, 41, 42, 84–87
Range limit, 134
Range of variation, 127, 134–135
Red and yellow lateritic soils, 55
Red Sea, 20
Red-yellow podzol, 41, 59, 60, 86
Regolith, 49, 50, 67, 74, 81, 157
Research Natural Area, 122
Restoration, 119, 127, 133, 134, 154
Rice, 60, 61, 92
Rio Puerco, New Mexico, 72
Riparian forest, 105, 107, 127
Road construction, 119, 123
Rocky Mountains, 31, 34, 76, 78, 90, 93, 116–118, 123,
132, 134
Ruby Mountains, Nevada, 93
Russia, 21, 49, 57, 65, 75
S
Sagebrush, 31, 35, 76, 78, 93, 105, 107, 129, 143
Saguaro cactus, 74, 143
Sahara Desert, 72, 73, 142
Sahel, 70
Sahelian zone, 71
Salinity, 9, 10, 12–16, 19, 20, 24, 138, 157
Salinization, 76, 157
Salt flat, 74
Salt lake, 72
Sampling network, 111, 116–117
Sand dunes, 73, 74, 95, 105
San Francisco, California, 67
San Gabriel Mountains, California, 121
Sangre de Christos Mountains, Colorado, 34
Santa Valley, Peru, 74
Sargasso Sea, 20
Saskatchewan, 63
Savanna, 29, 35, 37, 38, 41, 42, 63, 70, 71, 75, 81–84, 86,
90, 91, 96, 105, 128, 157
division, 37, 42, 83–84
woodland, 83
Scales, 1, 4–6, 9, 12, 25, 30, 36, 43, 58, 89, 95, 102, 105,
107, 112, 114, 119–122, 124, 127–135, 137, 138,
147, 148, 150, 151
178
Index