332 Appendix
Organisms Illustrated
Page 328
Chordates. Highly diverse phylum including the familiar
back boned animals (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds,
mammals) and also some rather primitive forms : the
(benthic) sea squirts and the (planktonic) salps. Salps
are important in pelletizing extremely fine-grained suspended matter, which removes it from surface waters
and expedites its way to the sea floor (a, b)
a spherical, rod-shaped, and flagellated bacteria
b pelagic blue-green alga (Trichodesmium. which is red-colored and gives the Red Sea its name)
c colony of a benthic blue-green alga (Phormidium)
Page 329
a, b dinoflagellate (Gonyaulax) and its resting cyst (Hhysnichosphere ")
c coccosphere (Cyclococcolithus) covered with coccoliths
d, e centric diatom (Actinoptychus) and pennate diatom (Nitzschia)
f, g common silicoflagellates (Distephanus, Dictyocha)
h, i benthic foram (Verneulinia) and planktonic foram (Glohigerinoides)
j , k spumellarian and nasselarian radiolarians (Octopyle steno;;ona, Theocorythium trachelium)
I tintinnid (Stenosemella)
m, n red algae (Rhodymenia , Lithothamnium)
Page 330
a, b brown algae, giant kelp (Macrocystis) , rockweed (Fucus)
c calcareous green alga (Halimeda)
d sea grass (Zostera)
e marine fungu s (Alternaria)
f calcareous sponge (Sycon); also shown are various types of sponge spicules
g benthic calcareous hydrozoan (MiUepora)
h stone coral (Fat'ites)
i, j annelid worms (the lugwonn Arenicola, the serpulid Spirorhis)
Page 331
a, b, c worms; echiurid (Boniellia). nemertine (Lineus). echiurid (Echiurus)
d bryozoan colony (Crisia)
e brachiopod (terebratulid)
f, g, h, i shell-forming mollusks: chiton or sea cradle (Nuttallina), pelagic snail (Cal'olinia). razor
clam (Ensis). shell-forming squid (Spirula)
j, k, I arthropods: cirriped (barnacle, Balanus), cope pod (Calanus). shore crab (Crassipes)
m holothurian or sea cucumber (Aspidochirota)
Page 332
a sea squirt (Halocynthia)
b sting ray (Taemiura)
Sources for A9: E. Y. Dawson, 1966. Marine botany, Holt Rinehart Winston, New York; B. U. Haq,
A. Boersma, 1978, Introduction to marine micropaleontology, Elsevier, New York; A. Remane , V.
Storch, U. Welsch, 1976. Systematische Zoologie, Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart; G. G. Simpson, W. S .
Beck, 1965 . Life - an introduction to biology, 2nd ed., Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York; H.
U. Sverdrup, M. W. Johnson, R. H. Fleming, 1942, The oceans - their physics, chemistry, and
general biology. Prentice-Hall , Englewood Cliffs.
Organisms Illustrated
Page 328
Chordates. Highly diverse phylum including the familiar
back boned animals (fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds,
mammals) and also some rather primitive forms : the
(benthic) sea squirts and the (planktonic) salps. Salps
are important in pelletizing extremely fine-grained suspended matter, which removes it from surface waters
and expedites its way to the sea floor (a, b)
a spherical, rod-shaped, and flagellated bacteria
b pelagic blue-green alga (Trichodesmium. which is red-colored and gives the Red Sea its name)
c colony of a benthic blue-green alga (Phormidium)
Page 329
a, b dinoflagellate (Gonyaulax) and its resting cyst (Hhysnichosphere ")
c coccosphere (Cyclococcolithus) covered with coccoliths
d, e centric diatom (Actinoptychus) and pennate diatom (Nitzschia)
f, g common silicoflagellates (Distephanus, Dictyocha)
h, i benthic foram (Verneulinia) and planktonic foram (Glohigerinoides)
j , k spumellarian and nasselarian radiolarians (Octopyle steno;;ona, Theocorythium trachelium)
I tintinnid (Stenosemella)
m, n red algae (Rhodymenia , Lithothamnium)
Page 330
a, b brown algae, giant kelp (Macrocystis) , rockweed (Fucus)
c calcareous green alga (Halimeda)
d sea grass (Zostera)
e marine fungu s (Alternaria)
f calcareous sponge (Sycon); also shown are various types of sponge spicules
g benthic calcareous hydrozoan (MiUepora)
h stone coral (Fat'ites)
i, j annelid worms (the lugwonn Arenicola, the serpulid Spirorhis)
Page 331
a, b, c worms; echiurid (Boniellia). nemertine (Lineus). echiurid (Echiurus)
d bryozoan colony (Crisia)
e brachiopod (terebratulid)
f, g, h, i shell-forming mollusks: chiton or sea cradle (Nuttallina), pelagic snail (Cal'olinia). razor
clam (Ensis). shell-forming squid (Spirula)
j, k, I arthropods: cirriped (barnacle, Balanus), cope pod (Calanus). shore crab (Crassipes)
m holothurian or sea cucumber (Aspidochirota)
Page 332
a sea squirt (Halocynthia)
b sting ray (Taemiura)
Sources for A9: E. Y. Dawson, 1966. Marine botany, Holt Rinehart Winston, New York; B. U. Haq,
A. Boersma, 1978, Introduction to marine micropaleontology, Elsevier, New York; A. Remane , V.
Storch, U. Welsch, 1976. Systematische Zoologie, Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart; G. G. Simpson, W. S .
Beck, 1965 . Life - an introduction to biology, 2nd ed., Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, New York; H.
U. Sverdrup, M. W. Johnson, R. H. Fleming, 1942, The oceans - their physics, chemistry, and
general biology. Prentice-Hall , Englewood Cliffs.