A4 Common Minerals
319
Nonsilicate Minerals
Carbonates. Bulk of biogenous sediments. Examples:
Calcite
Ca C03 shells and skeletons, see Table 3.3
Aragonite
Ca C03 ditto
Dolomite
Ca Mg (C03)2 diagenesis, see Chapter 3.
Evaporite minerals. Precipitated from seawater. Examples:
Anhydrite
Ca S04
Gypsum
Ca S04 . 2H20
Halite
Na Cl
Epsomite
Mg S04 . 7H20
Bischofite
Mg Ch . 6H20
Carnallite
K Mg C13 . 6H20
Iron oxides and sulfides. Ubiquitous in igneous and sedimentary rocks. Examples:
Goethite
a-FeOOH
Lepidocrocite y-FeOOH
Limonite
FeOOH . nH20
Hematite
Magnetite
Pyrite
Marcasite
Hydrotroilite
a-Fe203
Fn04
FeS2
FeS2
FeS2. nH20
Heavy minerals (see Chap. 3.5.2)
Apatite
Cas(P04)3(F,Cl,OH)
Augite
Ca,Mg,Fe - silicate
Barite
BaS04
Epidote
Ca,Fe,Al - silicate
Garnet
Mg,Ca,Fe,Al - silicates
Glauconite
K,Fe - mica
Hematite
iron oxide
Hornblende
Ca,Fe,Na,K,Mg,Al - silicates
Ilmenite
FeTi03
Limonite
iron (hydr)oxide
Marcasite
iron sulfide
Magnetite
iron oxide
Olivine
Mg,Fe,Ca - silicates
Pyrite
iron sulfide
Rutile
Ti02
Titanite
Zircon
Ca,Ti - silicate
Zr - silicate
Source for A4, any mineralogy textbook
AS Grain Size Classification for Sediments
Boulder
Gravel
Sand
Silt
mm
256
2
0.063
a) Some classifications use 0.002 mm
Clay
0.004 (a)