152 Peter Stille and Graham Shields
Jacobsen SB, Pimentel-Klose MR (1988b) A Nd isotopic study of the Hamersley and
Michipicoten banded iron formations: the source of REE and Fe in Archean oceans.
Earth Planet Sci Lett. 87: 29-44.
Keto LS. Jacobsen SB (1987) Nd and Sr isotopic variations of early Paleozoic oceans.
Earth Planet Sci Lett 84:27--4 I
Keto LS. Jacobsen SB (1988) Nd isotopic variations of Phanerozoic paleoceans. Earth
Planet Sci Left. 90: 395- 410
Luck J M, Turekian K K (1983) Osmium-187/osmium-186 in manganese nodules and the
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Science 222:6 | 3-615
McArthur JM, Sahami AR, Thirwalt M, Hamilton PJ, Osborn AO (1990) Dating
phosphogenesis with Sr isotopes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 54:1343-1351
McArthur JM (1994) Recent trends in strontium isotope stratigraphy, Terra Nova 6: 331358
Miller RG, O'Nions RK (t985) Source of Precambnan chemical and clastic sediments.
Nature, 314:325-330
Nicholas CJ (1996) The Sr isotopic evolution of the oceans during the "Cambrian
explosion'. J Geoi Soc London 153:243-254
O'Nions RK, Carter SR, Cohen RS, Evensen NM, Hamilton PJ (1978) Pb, Nd and Sr
isotopes in oceanic Fe-Mn deposits and ocean floor basa/ts. Nature, 273:435-438
Palmer MR, Elderfield H (1986) Rare earth elements and neodymium isotopes in
terromanganese oxide coatings oi" Cenozoic foraminifera from the Atlantic Ocean,
Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 50 ,109-417
Pegram W J, Kfishnaswami S. Ravizza G (1992) The record of seawater 187Os/186Os
variatio~n through the Cenozoic. Earth Planet Sci Lett 113:569-576
Peterman ZE, Hedge CE, Tourtelot HA (1970) Isotopic composition of strontium in
seawater throughout Phanerozoic time. Geochim Cosmochim Aria, 34:105-120
Peuker-Ehrenbrink B, Ravizza G. Hofmann AW (1995) The marine 187Os/186Os record of
the past 80 million years. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 130: t 55-167
Peuker-Ehrenbrink/3, Blum JD, Bollhofer A (1997) The effects of global glaciations on the
marine Os isotope record. Terra Abstracts. 9:616
Piepgras D J, Wasserburg G J, Dasch EJ (1979) The isotopic composition of Nd in different
ocean masses. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 45:223-236
Piepgras D J, Wasserburg, GJ (1980) Nd isotopic variations in seawater. Earth Planet Sci
Lett. 50:128- ] 38
Piepgras D J, Wasserburg GJ (1982) Isotopic compositron of neodymium in waters from the
Drake Passage. Science, 217:20%2[4
Piep~as D J, Wasserburg GJ (1983) Influence of the Mediterranean outflow on the isotopic
composition of Nd in waters of the North Atlantic. J Geophys Res. 88:5997-6006
Piper JDA (1982) The Precambrian palaeomagnetic record: the case of the Proterozoic
Supercontinent. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 59:61-89
Ravizza G (1993) Variations of the IS7Os/lS6Os ratio of seawater over the past 28 million
years as inferred from metalliferous carbonates. Earth Planet Sci Lett, I 18:335-348
Riggs SR (1984) Paleoceanographic model of Neogene phosphorite deposition, U,S.
Atlantic Continental Margin, Science, 223: 123-t 3I
Riggs SR, Stille P, Ames D (1997) Sr isotopic age analysis of co-occurring Miocene
phosphate grain types on the North Carolina Continental Shelf. J Sed Res, 67:65-73
Shackleton N (1987) The carbon isotope record of the Cenozoic: History of organic carbon
burial and oxygen in the ocean and atmosphere, in: Marine Petroleum Source Rocks, J.
Brooks and A.J. Fleet (eds.), pp. 423434
Jacobsen SB, Pimentel-Klose MR (1988b) A Nd isotopic study of the Hamersley and
Michipicoten banded iron formations: the source of REE and Fe in Archean oceans.
Earth Planet Sci Lett. 87: 29-44.
Keto LS. Jacobsen SB (1987) Nd and Sr isotopic variations of early Paleozoic oceans.
Earth Planet Sci Lett 84:27--4 I
Keto LS. Jacobsen SB (1988) Nd isotopic variations of Phanerozoic paleoceans. Earth
Planet Sci Left. 90: 395- 410
Luck J M, Turekian K K (1983) Osmium-187/osmium-186 in manganese nodules and the
Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. Science 222:6 | 3-615
McArthur JM, Sahami AR, Thirwalt M, Hamilton PJ, Osborn AO (1990) Dating
phosphogenesis with Sr isotopes. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 54:1343-1351
McArthur JM (1994) Recent trends in strontium isotope stratigraphy, Terra Nova 6: 331358
Miller RG, O'Nions RK (t985) Source of Precambnan chemical and clastic sediments.
Nature, 314:325-330
Nicholas CJ (1996) The Sr isotopic evolution of the oceans during the "Cambrian
explosion'. J Geoi Soc London 153:243-254
O'Nions RK, Carter SR, Cohen RS, Evensen NM, Hamilton PJ (1978) Pb, Nd and Sr
isotopes in oceanic Fe-Mn deposits and ocean floor basa/ts. Nature, 273:435-438
Palmer MR, Elderfield H (1986) Rare earth elements and neodymium isotopes in
terromanganese oxide coatings oi" Cenozoic foraminifera from the Atlantic Ocean,
Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 50 ,109-417
Pegram W J, Kfishnaswami S. Ravizza G (1992) The record of seawater 187Os/186Os
variatio~n through the Cenozoic. Earth Planet Sci Lett 113:569-576
Peterman ZE, Hedge CE, Tourtelot HA (1970) Isotopic composition of strontium in
seawater throughout Phanerozoic time. Geochim Cosmochim Aria, 34:105-120
Peuker-Ehrenbrink B, Ravizza G. Hofmann AW (1995) The marine 187Os/186Os record of
the past 80 million years. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 130: t 55-167
Peuker-Ehrenbrink/3, Blum JD, Bollhofer A (1997) The effects of global glaciations on the
marine Os isotope record. Terra Abstracts. 9:616
Piepgras D J, Wasserburg G J, Dasch EJ (1979) The isotopic composition of Nd in different
ocean masses. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 45:223-236
Piepgras D J, Wasserburg, GJ (1980) Nd isotopic variations in seawater. Earth Planet Sci
Lett. 50:128- ] 38
Piepgras D J, Wasserburg GJ (1982) Isotopic compositron of neodymium in waters from the
Drake Passage. Science, 217:20%2[4
Piep~as D J, Wasserburg GJ (1983) Influence of the Mediterranean outflow on the isotopic
composition of Nd in waters of the North Atlantic. J Geophys Res. 88:5997-6006
Piper JDA (1982) The Precambrian palaeomagnetic record: the case of the Proterozoic
Supercontinent. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 59:61-89
Ravizza G (1993) Variations of the IS7Os/lS6Os ratio of seawater over the past 28 million
years as inferred from metalliferous carbonates. Earth Planet Sci Lett, I 18:335-348
Riggs SR (1984) Paleoceanographic model of Neogene phosphorite deposition, U,S.
Atlantic Continental Margin, Science, 223: 123-t 3I
Riggs SR, Stille P, Ames D (1997) Sr isotopic age analysis of co-occurring Miocene
phosphate grain types on the North Carolina Continental Shelf. J Sed Res, 67:65-73
Shackleton N (1987) The carbon isotope record of the Cenozoic: History of organic carbon
burial and oxygen in the ocean and atmosphere, in: Marine Petroleum Source Rocks, J.
Brooks and A.J. Fleet (eds.), pp. 423434