14 Gas Hydrates in Marine Sediments
512
Available from: Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M
University, College Station TX 77845-9547, USA.
Tréhu, A.M., Long, P.E., Torres, M.E., Bohrmann, G., R.,
R.F., Collett, T.S., Goldberg, D.S., Milkov, A.V.,
Riedel, M., Schultheiss, P., Bangs, N.L., Barr, S.R.,
Borowski, W.S., Claypool, G.E., Delwiche, M.E.,
Dickens, G.R., Gracia, E., Guerin, G., Holland, M.,
Johnson, J.E., Lee, Y.-J., Liu, C.-S., Su, X., Teichert,
B., Tomaru, H., Vanneste, M., Watanabe, M., and
Weinberger, J.L., 2004a. Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge:
constraints from ODP Leg 204. Earth and Planetary
Science Letters, 222: 845-862.
Tréhu, A.M., Flemings, P.B., Bangs, N.L., Chevallier, J.,
Gràcia, E., Johnson, J.E., Liu, C.-S., Liu, X., Riedel,
M., and Torres, M.E., 2004b. Feeding methane vents
and gas hydrate deposits at south Hydrate Ridge.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 31:10.1029/2004GL021286.
Tucholke, B.E., Bryan, G.M., and Ewing, J.I., 1977. Gashydrate horizons detected in seismic-profiler data from
the western North Atlantic. American Association of
Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 61: 698-707.
Ussler III, W., and Paull, C., 2001. Ion exclusion
associated with marine gas hydrate deposits, in Paull,
C., and Dillon, W.P., (eds.), Natural gas hydratesoccurrence, distribution, and detection, Geophysical
Monograph 124: Washington, AGU, pp. 41-51.
Weinberger, J.L., Brown, K.M., and Long, P.E., 2005.
Painting a picture of gas hydrate distribution with
thermal images. Geophysical Research Letters, 32:
doi: 10.1029/2004GL021437.
Westbrook, G.K., Carson, B., Musgrave, R.J., et al. 1994.
Proceedings, initial reports, Ocean Drilling Program,
Leg 146: Cascadia Margin, 611 pp.
Whiticar, M.J., 1999. Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of
methane. Chemical Geology, 161: 291-314.
Whiticar, M.J., Faber, E., and Schoell, M., 1986.
Biogenic methane formation in marine and
freshwater environments. CO 2 reduction vs. Acetate
fermentation - Isotope evidence. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta, 50: 693-709.
Vasil’ev, V.G., Makogon, Y.F., Trebin, F.A., A.A., T., and
Cherskiy, N.V., 1970. The property of natural gases
to occur in the Earth crust in a solid state and to
form gas hydrate deposits. Otkrytiya v SSR, pp. 151 7 .
von Stackelberg, M., and Müller, H.R., 1954. Feste
Gashydrate II: Struktur und Raumchemie. Z. Elektrochem., 58: 25-39.
Wellsbury, P., Goodman, K., Cragg, B.A., and Parkes,
R.J., 2000. The geomicrobiology of deep marine
sediments from Blake Ridge containing methane
hydrate (Sites 994, 995 and 997), in Paull, C.,
Matsumoto, R., Wallace, P.J., and Dillon, W.P., eds.,
Proceeding of ODP, Volume 164: 379-391.
Wood, B.J., and Ruppel, C., 2000. Seismic and thermal
investigations of the Blake Ridge gas hydrate area: a
synthesis, in Paull, C., Matsumoto, R., Wallace, P.J.,
and Dillon, W.P., (eds.), Proceedings of ODP,
Scientific Results, Volume 164: 253-264.
Xu, W., and Ruppel, C., 1999. Predicting the occurrence,
distribution, and evolution of methane gas hydrate in
porous marine sediments. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 104: 5081-5095.
Yakushev, V.S., and Istomin, V.A., 1992. Gas-hydrate selfpreservation effect, in Maeno, N., and Hondoh, T., (eds.)
Sapporo, Hokkaido University Press, pp. 136-140.
Yefremova, A.G., and Zhizchenko, B.P., 1974. Occurrence of crystal hydrates of gases in the sediments of
modern marine basins. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR,
214: 1,179-1,181.
Zatsepina, O.Y., and Buffett, B.A., 1997. Phase
equilibrium of gas hydrate: implications for the
formation of hydrate in the deep sea-floor.
Geophysical Research Letters, 24: 1567-1570.
512
Available from: Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M
University, College Station TX 77845-9547, USA.
Tréhu, A.M., Long, P.E., Torres, M.E., Bohrmann, G., R.,
R.F., Collett, T.S., Goldberg, D.S., Milkov, A.V.,
Riedel, M., Schultheiss, P., Bangs, N.L., Barr, S.R.,
Borowski, W.S., Claypool, G.E., Delwiche, M.E.,
Dickens, G.R., Gracia, E., Guerin, G., Holland, M.,
Johnson, J.E., Lee, Y.-J., Liu, C.-S., Su, X., Teichert,
B., Tomaru, H., Vanneste, M., Watanabe, M., and
Weinberger, J.L., 2004a. Three-dimensional distribution of gas hydrate beneath southern Hydrate Ridge:
constraints from ODP Leg 204. Earth and Planetary
Science Letters, 222: 845-862.
Tréhu, A.M., Flemings, P.B., Bangs, N.L., Chevallier, J.,
Gràcia, E., Johnson, J.E., Liu, C.-S., Liu, X., Riedel,
M., and Torres, M.E., 2004b. Feeding methane vents
and gas hydrate deposits at south Hydrate Ridge.
Geophys. Res. Lett., 31:10.1029/2004GL021286.
Tucholke, B.E., Bryan, G.M., and Ewing, J.I., 1977. Gashydrate horizons detected in seismic-profiler data from
the western North Atlantic. American Association of
Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 61: 698-707.
Ussler III, W., and Paull, C., 2001. Ion exclusion
associated with marine gas hydrate deposits, in Paull,
C., and Dillon, W.P., (eds.), Natural gas hydratesoccurrence, distribution, and detection, Geophysical
Monograph 124: Washington, AGU, pp. 41-51.
Weinberger, J.L., Brown, K.M., and Long, P.E., 2005.
Painting a picture of gas hydrate distribution with
thermal images. Geophysical Research Letters, 32:
doi: 10.1029/2004GL021437.
Westbrook, G.K., Carson, B., Musgrave, R.J., et al. 1994.
Proceedings, initial reports, Ocean Drilling Program,
Leg 146: Cascadia Margin, 611 pp.
Whiticar, M.J., 1999. Carbon and hydrogen isotope systematics of bacterial formation and oxidation of
methane. Chemical Geology, 161: 291-314.
Whiticar, M.J., Faber, E., and Schoell, M., 1986.
Biogenic methane formation in marine and
freshwater environments. CO 2 reduction vs. Acetate
fermentation - Isotope evidence. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta, 50: 693-709.
Vasil’ev, V.G., Makogon, Y.F., Trebin, F.A., A.A., T., and
Cherskiy, N.V., 1970. The property of natural gases
to occur in the Earth crust in a solid state and to
form gas hydrate deposits. Otkrytiya v SSR, pp. 151 7 .
von Stackelberg, M., and Müller, H.R., 1954. Feste
Gashydrate II: Struktur und Raumchemie. Z. Elektrochem., 58: 25-39.
Wellsbury, P., Goodman, K., Cragg, B.A., and Parkes,
R.J., 2000. The geomicrobiology of deep marine
sediments from Blake Ridge containing methane
hydrate (Sites 994, 995 and 997), in Paull, C.,
Matsumoto, R., Wallace, P.J., and Dillon, W.P., eds.,
Proceeding of ODP, Volume 164: 379-391.
Wood, B.J., and Ruppel, C., 2000. Seismic and thermal
investigations of the Blake Ridge gas hydrate area: a
synthesis, in Paull, C., Matsumoto, R., Wallace, P.J.,
and Dillon, W.P., (eds.), Proceedings of ODP,
Scientific Results, Volume 164: 253-264.
Xu, W., and Ruppel, C., 1999. Predicting the occurrence,
distribution, and evolution of methane gas hydrate in
porous marine sediments. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 104: 5081-5095.
Yakushev, V.S., and Istomin, V.A., 1992. Gas-hydrate selfpreservation effect, in Maeno, N., and Hondoh, T., (eds.)
Sapporo, Hokkaido University Press, pp. 136-140.
Yefremova, A.G., and Zhizchenko, B.P., 1974. Occurrence of crystal hydrates of gases in the sediments of
modern marine basins. Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR,
214: 1,179-1,181.
Zatsepina, O.Y., and Buffett, B.A., 1997. Phase
equilibrium of gas hydrate: implications for the
formation of hydrate in the deep sea-floor.
Geophysical Research Letters, 24: 1567-1570.