337
References
Palmer, A.N., 1991. The origin and morphology of limestone caves. Geological Society American Bulletin,
103: 1-21.
Parkhurst, D.L., Thorstensen, D.C. and Plummer, L.N.,
1980. PHREEQE - a computer program for geochemical calculations. Water-Resources Invest. Report, 80-96, US Geol. Surv., 219 pp.
Parkhurst, D.L., 1995. User’s guide to PHREEQC: a computer model for speciation, reaction-path, advectivetransport, and inverse geochemical calculation. Water-Resources Invest. Report, 95-4227, US Geol.
Surv., 143 pp.
Pfeifer, K., Hensen, C., Adler, M., Wenzhöfer, F., Weber,
B. and Schulz, H.D., 2002. Modeling of subsurface
calcite dissolution, including the respiration and
reoxidation processes of marine sediments in the
region of equatorial upwelling off Gabon. Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta, 66(24): 4247-4259.
Plummer, L.N., Wigley, T.M.L. and Parkhurst, D.L., 1978.
The kinetics of calcite dissolution in CO2-water
systems at 5°C to 60°C and 0.0 to 1.0 atm CO2. Am.
J. Sci., 278: 179-216.
Plummer, L.N., Wigley, T.M.L. and Parkhurst, D.L.,
1979. Critical review of the kinetics of calcite dissolution and precipitation. In: Jenne, E.A. (ed), Chemical modelling in aqueous systems. Am. Chem. Soc.,
Symp. Ser., 93, pp. 537-572.
Raiswell, R., Fisher, Q.J. (2004) Rates of carbonate
cementation associated with sulphate reduction in
DSDP/ODP
sediments:
implications
for
the
formation of concretions. Chem. Geol. 211, 71-85.
Redfield, A.C., 1958. The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. Am. Scientist, 46: 206-2226.
Reimers, C.E., Jahnke, R.H. and McCorkle, D.C., 1992.
Carbon fluxes and burial rates over the continental
slope and rise off central California with implications
for the global carbon cycle. Global Biogeochemical
Cycles, 6: 199-224.
Roberts, H.H. and Macintyre, I.G. (eds), 1988. Special issue: Halimeda. Coral Reefs, 6(3/4), 121-280.
Roy, R.N., Roy, L.N., Vogel, K.M., Moore, C.P., Pearson,
T., Good, C.E., Millero, F.J. and Campbell, D.M.,
1993. Determination of the ionization constance of
carbonic acid in seawater. Marine Chemistry, 44: 249268.
Seiter, K., Hensen, C. and Zabel, M., 2005. Benthic
carbon mineralization on a global scale. Glob.
Biogeochem. Cycles, 19: GB1010, doi:10.1029/
2004GB002225.
Siegenthaler, H.H. and Wenk, T., 1984. Rapid atmospheric CO2 variations and ocean circulation. Nature,
308: 624-626.
Sundquist, E.T. and Broeker, W.S., 1985. The carbon cycles and atmospheric CO2: natural variations archean
to present. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 627 pp.
Svensson, U. and Dreybrodt, W., 1992. Dissolution kinetics of natural calcite minerals in CO2-water systems
approaching calcite equilibrium. Chemical Geology,
100: 129-145.
Takahashi, T., Broecker, W.S., Bainbridge, A.E. and
Weiss, R.F., 1980. Carbonate chemistry of the
Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans: The results of
the Geosecs expeditions, 1972-1978, Natl. Sci.
Found., Washington D. C.
Vecsei, A., 2004. A new estimate of global reefal
carbonate production including fore-reefs. Global and
Planetary Change, 43: 1-18.
Wenzhöfer, F., Adler, M., Kohls, O., Hensen, C.,
Strotmann, B., Boehme, S. and Schulz, H.D., 2001.
Calcite dissolution driven by benthic mineralization
in the deep-sea: in situ measurements of Ca
2+ , pH,
pCO 2 , O 2 . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 65(16): 26772690.
Wolf-Gladrow, D., 1994. The ocean as part of the global
carbon cycle. Environ. Sci. & Pollut. Res., 1: 99-106.
Wollast, R., 1994. The relativ importance of
biomineralisation and dissolution of CaCO3 in the
global carbon cycle. In: Doumenge, F., Allemand, D.
and Toulemont, A. (eds), Past and present biomineralisation processes: Considerations about the
carbonate cycle. Bull. de l’Institute océanographique,
13, Monaco, pp. 13-35.
Zeebe, R.E. and Wolf-Gladrow D.A., 2001. CO 2 in
Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes. Elsevier
Oceanography Series, 65, 346 pp.
References
Palmer, A.N., 1991. The origin and morphology of limestone caves. Geological Society American Bulletin,
103: 1-21.
Parkhurst, D.L., Thorstensen, D.C. and Plummer, L.N.,
1980. PHREEQE - a computer program for geochemical calculations. Water-Resources Invest. Report, 80-96, US Geol. Surv., 219 pp.
Parkhurst, D.L., 1995. User’s guide to PHREEQC: a computer model for speciation, reaction-path, advectivetransport, and inverse geochemical calculation. Water-Resources Invest. Report, 95-4227, US Geol.
Surv., 143 pp.
Pfeifer, K., Hensen, C., Adler, M., Wenzhöfer, F., Weber,
B. and Schulz, H.D., 2002. Modeling of subsurface
calcite dissolution, including the respiration and
reoxidation processes of marine sediments in the
region of equatorial upwelling off Gabon. Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta, 66(24): 4247-4259.
Plummer, L.N., Wigley, T.M.L. and Parkhurst, D.L., 1978.
The kinetics of calcite dissolution in CO2-water
systems at 5°C to 60°C and 0.0 to 1.0 atm CO2. Am.
J. Sci., 278: 179-216.
Plummer, L.N., Wigley, T.M.L. and Parkhurst, D.L.,
1979. Critical review of the kinetics of calcite dissolution and precipitation. In: Jenne, E.A. (ed), Chemical modelling in aqueous systems. Am. Chem. Soc.,
Symp. Ser., 93, pp. 537-572.
Raiswell, R., Fisher, Q.J. (2004) Rates of carbonate
cementation associated with sulphate reduction in
DSDP/ODP
sediments:
implications
for
the
formation of concretions. Chem. Geol. 211, 71-85.
Redfield, A.C., 1958. The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. Am. Scientist, 46: 206-2226.
Reimers, C.E., Jahnke, R.H. and McCorkle, D.C., 1992.
Carbon fluxes and burial rates over the continental
slope and rise off central California with implications
for the global carbon cycle. Global Biogeochemical
Cycles, 6: 199-224.
Roberts, H.H. and Macintyre, I.G. (eds), 1988. Special issue: Halimeda. Coral Reefs, 6(3/4), 121-280.
Roy, R.N., Roy, L.N., Vogel, K.M., Moore, C.P., Pearson,
T., Good, C.E., Millero, F.J. and Campbell, D.M.,
1993. Determination of the ionization constance of
carbonic acid in seawater. Marine Chemistry, 44: 249268.
Seiter, K., Hensen, C. and Zabel, M., 2005. Benthic
carbon mineralization on a global scale. Glob.
Biogeochem. Cycles, 19: GB1010, doi:10.1029/
2004GB002225.
Siegenthaler, H.H. and Wenk, T., 1984. Rapid atmospheric CO2 variations and ocean circulation. Nature,
308: 624-626.
Sundquist, E.T. and Broeker, W.S., 1985. The carbon cycles and atmospheric CO2: natural variations archean
to present. American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C., 627 pp.
Svensson, U. and Dreybrodt, W., 1992. Dissolution kinetics of natural calcite minerals in CO2-water systems
approaching calcite equilibrium. Chemical Geology,
100: 129-145.
Takahashi, T., Broecker, W.S., Bainbridge, A.E. and
Weiss, R.F., 1980. Carbonate chemistry of the
Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans: The results of
the Geosecs expeditions, 1972-1978, Natl. Sci.
Found., Washington D. C.
Vecsei, A., 2004. A new estimate of global reefal
carbonate production including fore-reefs. Global and
Planetary Change, 43: 1-18.
Wenzhöfer, F., Adler, M., Kohls, O., Hensen, C.,
Strotmann, B., Boehme, S. and Schulz, H.D., 2001.
Calcite dissolution driven by benthic mineralization
in the deep-sea: in situ measurements of Ca
2+ , pH,
pCO 2 , O 2 . Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 65(16): 26772690.
Wolf-Gladrow, D., 1994. The ocean as part of the global
carbon cycle. Environ. Sci. & Pollut. Res., 1: 99-106.
Wollast, R., 1994. The relativ importance of
biomineralisation and dissolution of CaCO3 in the
global carbon cycle. In: Doumenge, F., Allemand, D.
and Toulemont, A. (eds), Past and present biomineralisation processes: Considerations about the
carbonate cycle. Bull. de l’Institute océanographique,
13, Monaco, pp. 13-35.
Zeebe, R.E. and Wolf-Gladrow D.A., 2001. CO 2 in
Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes. Elsevier
Oceanography Series, 65, 346 pp.