9
Marine Carbonates: Their Formation and Destruction
336
organic carbon: Areal distribution and magnitude. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10: 71-88.
Jahnke, R.A., Craven, D.B., McCorkle, D.C. and Reimers,
C.E., 1997. CaCO3 dissolution in California continental margin sediments: The influence of organic
matter remineralization. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61: 3587-3604.
James, N.P. and Clarke, J.A.D., 1997. Cool-water carbonates, SEPM Spec. Publ., 56, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 440 pp.
Jansen, H., R.E., Z. and Wolf-Gladrow, D.A., 2002.
Modeling the dissolution of settling CaCO3 in the
Ocean. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 16(2): 11, 116.Keir, R.S., 1983. Variation in the carbonate reactivity of deep-sea sediments: determination from flux
experiments. Deep-Sea Res., 30(3A): 279-296.
Keir, R.S., 1980. The dissolution kinetics of biogenic calcium carbonates in seawater. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 44: 241-252.
Kharaka, Y.K., Gunter, W.D., Aggarwal, P.K., Perkins,
E.H. and DeBraal, J.D., 1988. SOLMINEQ88: a computer program for geochemical modeling of waterrock-interactions. Water-Resources Invest. Report,
88-4227, US Geol. Surv., 207 pp.
Lindberg, B. and Mienert, J., 2005. Postglacial carbonate
production by cold-water corals on the Norwegian
Shelf and their role in the global carbonate budget.
Geology, 33(7): 537-540, doi: 10.1130/G21577.1.
Lisitzin, A.P., 1996. Oceanic sedimentation: Lithology
and Geochemistry (English Translation edited by
Kennett, J.P.). Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington,
D.C., 400 pp.
Luff, R., Wallmann, K., 2003. Fluid flow, methane fluxes,
carbonate precipitation and biogeochemical turnover in
gas hydrate-bearing sediments at Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia
Margin: Numerical modeling and mass balances. Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta 67 (18), 3403-3421.
Luff, R., Wallmann, K., Aloisi, G., 2004. Numerical
modeling of carbonate crust formation at cold vent
sites: significance for fluid and methane budgets and
chemosynthetic
biological
communities.
Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett. 221, 337-353.
Mackenzie, F.T., Ver, L.M., Sabine, C., Lane, M. and
Lerman, A., 1993. C, N, P, S global biogeochemical cycles and modeling of global change. In : Wollast, R.,
Mackenzie, F.T. and Chou, L. (eds), Interactions of C,
N, P and S biogeochemical cycles and global change.
NATO ASI Series, 14, Springer Verlag, pp 1-61.
Maier-Reimer, E. and Bacastow, R., 1990. Modelling of
geochemical tracers in the ocean. Climate-Ocean Interaction. In: Schlesinger, M.E. (ed), Climate-ocean
interactions, Kluwer, pp. 233-267.
Martin, W.R. and Sayles, F.L., 1996. CaCO3 dissolution
in sediments of the Ceara Rise, western equatorial
Atlantic. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60:
243-263.
Mehrbach, C., Culberson, C., Hawley, J.E. and Pytkowicz,
R.M., 1973. Measurement of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at atmospheric pressure. Limnology and Oceanography, 18:
897-907.
Millero, F.J., 1995. Thermodynamics of the carbon dioxide systems in the oceans. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta, 59: 661-677.
Milliman, J.D., 1993. Production and accumulation of
calcium carbonate in the ocean: budget of a
nonsteady state. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 7:
927-957.
Milliman, J.D. and Droxler, A.W., 1996. Neritic and
pelagic carbonate sedimentation in the marine environment: ignorance is not a bliss. Geologische
Rundschau, 85: 496-504.
Milliman J. D., Troy P. J., Balch W. M., Adams A. K., Li
Y.-H., and Mackenzie F. T., 1999. Biologically
mediated dissolution of calcium carbonate above the
chemical lysocline? Deep-Sea Res. I 46, 1653–1669.
Morse, J.W., 1978. Dissolution kinetics of calcium carbonate in sea water: VI. The near-equilibrium dissolution
kinetics of calcium carbonate-rich deep-sea sediments.
American Journal of Science, 278: 344-353.
Morse, J.W. and Berner, R.A., 1979. Chemistry of calcium carbonate in the deep ocean. In: Jenne, E.A.
(ed), Chemical modelling in aqueous systems. Am.
Chem. Soc., Symp. Ser., 93, pp. 499-535.
Morse, J.W. and Mackenzie, F.T., 1990. Geochemistry of
sedimentary carbonates. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 707 pp.
Mucci, A., Sundby, B., Gehlen, M., Arakaki, T., Zhong, S.,
Silverberg, N., 2000. The fate of carbon in
continental shelf sediments of eastern Canada: a case
study. Deep-Sea Res. II 47, 733-760.
Murray, J.W., 1897. On the distribution of the pelagic
foraminifera at the surface and on the sea floor of
the ocean. Nat. Sci., 11: 17-27.
Murray, J.W., Emerson, S. and Jahnke, R.A., 1980. Carbonate saturation and the effect of pressure on the
alkalinity of interstitial waters from the Guatemala
Basin. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 44: 963-972.
Nordstrom, D.K., Plummer, L.N., Wigley, T.M.L., Wolery,
T.J., Ball, J.W., Jenne, E.A., Basset, R.L., Crerar, D.A.,
Florence, T.M., Fritz, B., Hoffman, M., Holdren, G.R.
Jr., Lafon, G.M., Mattigod, S.V. McDuff, R.E., Morel,
F., Reddy, M.M., Sposito, G. and Thrailkill, J., 1979. A
comparision of computerized chemical models for
equilibrium calculations in aqueous systems. In: Jenne,
E.A. (ed), Chemical modeling in aqueous systems,
speciation, sorption, solubility, and kinetics, 93,
American Chemical Society, pp. 857-892.
Opdyke, B.D. and Walker, J.C.G., 1992. Return of the
coral reef hypothesis: basin to shelf partitioning of
CaCO3 and its effects on atmospheric CO2. Geology,
20: 733-736.
Orr, J.C., Fabry, V.J., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Doney, S.C.,
Feely, R.A., Gnanadesikan, A., Gruber, N., Ishida, A.,
Joos, F., Key, R.M., Lindsay, K., Maier-Reimer, E.,
Matear, R., Monfray, P., Mouchet, A., Najjar, R.G.,
Plattner G.-K., Rodgers, K.B., Sabine, C.L.,
Sarmiento, J.L., Schlitzer, R., Slater, R.D., Totterdell,
I.J., Weirig, M.-F., Yamanaka, Y. and Yool, A., 2005.
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twentyfirst century and its impact on calcifying organisms.
Nature 437: 681-686, doi:10.1038/nature04095.
Otto, S., 1996. Die Bedeutung von gelöstem organischen
Kohlenstoff (DOC) für den Kohlenstofffluß im
Ozean. Berichte, 87, Fachbereich Geowissenschaften,
Universität Bremen, 150 pp.
Marine Carbonates: Their Formation and Destruction
336
organic carbon: Areal distribution and magnitude. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10: 71-88.
Jahnke, R.A., Craven, D.B., McCorkle, D.C. and Reimers,
C.E., 1997. CaCO3 dissolution in California continental margin sediments: The influence of organic
matter remineralization. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 61: 3587-3604.
James, N.P. and Clarke, J.A.D., 1997. Cool-water carbonates, SEPM Spec. Publ., 56, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 440 pp.
Jansen, H., R.E., Z. and Wolf-Gladrow, D.A., 2002.
Modeling the dissolution of settling CaCO3 in the
Ocean. Glob. Biogeochem. Cycles, 16(2): 11, 116.Keir, R.S., 1983. Variation in the carbonate reactivity of deep-sea sediments: determination from flux
experiments. Deep-Sea Res., 30(3A): 279-296.
Keir, R.S., 1980. The dissolution kinetics of biogenic calcium carbonates in seawater. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 44: 241-252.
Kharaka, Y.K., Gunter, W.D., Aggarwal, P.K., Perkins,
E.H. and DeBraal, J.D., 1988. SOLMINEQ88: a computer program for geochemical modeling of waterrock-interactions. Water-Resources Invest. Report,
88-4227, US Geol. Surv., 207 pp.
Lindberg, B. and Mienert, J., 2005. Postglacial carbonate
production by cold-water corals on the Norwegian
Shelf and their role in the global carbonate budget.
Geology, 33(7): 537-540, doi: 10.1130/G21577.1.
Lisitzin, A.P., 1996. Oceanic sedimentation: Lithology
and Geochemistry (English Translation edited by
Kennett, J.P.). Amer. Geophys. Union, Washington,
D.C., 400 pp.
Luff, R., Wallmann, K., 2003. Fluid flow, methane fluxes,
carbonate precipitation and biogeochemical turnover in
gas hydrate-bearing sediments at Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia
Margin: Numerical modeling and mass balances. Geochim.
Cosmochim. Acta 67 (18), 3403-3421.
Luff, R., Wallmann, K., Aloisi, G., 2004. Numerical
modeling of carbonate crust formation at cold vent
sites: significance for fluid and methane budgets and
chemosynthetic
biological
communities.
Earth
Planet. Sci. Lett. 221, 337-353.
Mackenzie, F.T., Ver, L.M., Sabine, C., Lane, M. and
Lerman, A., 1993. C, N, P, S global biogeochemical cycles and modeling of global change. In : Wollast, R.,
Mackenzie, F.T. and Chou, L. (eds), Interactions of C,
N, P and S biogeochemical cycles and global change.
NATO ASI Series, 14, Springer Verlag, pp 1-61.
Maier-Reimer, E. and Bacastow, R., 1990. Modelling of
geochemical tracers in the ocean. Climate-Ocean Interaction. In: Schlesinger, M.E. (ed), Climate-ocean
interactions, Kluwer, pp. 233-267.
Martin, W.R. and Sayles, F.L., 1996. CaCO3 dissolution
in sediments of the Ceara Rise, western equatorial
Atlantic. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60:
243-263.
Mehrbach, C., Culberson, C., Hawley, J.E. and Pytkowicz,
R.M., 1973. Measurement of the apparent dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater at atmospheric pressure. Limnology and Oceanography, 18:
897-907.
Millero, F.J., 1995. Thermodynamics of the carbon dioxide systems in the oceans. Geochimica et
Cosmochimica Acta, 59: 661-677.
Milliman, J.D., 1993. Production and accumulation of
calcium carbonate in the ocean: budget of a
nonsteady state. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 7:
927-957.
Milliman, J.D. and Droxler, A.W., 1996. Neritic and
pelagic carbonate sedimentation in the marine environment: ignorance is not a bliss. Geologische
Rundschau, 85: 496-504.
Milliman J. D., Troy P. J., Balch W. M., Adams A. K., Li
Y.-H., and Mackenzie F. T., 1999. Biologically
mediated dissolution of calcium carbonate above the
chemical lysocline? Deep-Sea Res. I 46, 1653–1669.
Morse, J.W., 1978. Dissolution kinetics of calcium carbonate in sea water: VI. The near-equilibrium dissolution
kinetics of calcium carbonate-rich deep-sea sediments.
American Journal of Science, 278: 344-353.
Morse, J.W. and Berner, R.A., 1979. Chemistry of calcium carbonate in the deep ocean. In: Jenne, E.A.
(ed), Chemical modelling in aqueous systems. Am.
Chem. Soc., Symp. Ser., 93, pp. 499-535.
Morse, J.W. and Mackenzie, F.T., 1990. Geochemistry of
sedimentary carbonates. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 707 pp.
Mucci, A., Sundby, B., Gehlen, M., Arakaki, T., Zhong, S.,
Silverberg, N., 2000. The fate of carbon in
continental shelf sediments of eastern Canada: a case
study. Deep-Sea Res. II 47, 733-760.
Murray, J.W., 1897. On the distribution of the pelagic
foraminifera at the surface and on the sea floor of
the ocean. Nat. Sci., 11: 17-27.
Murray, J.W., Emerson, S. and Jahnke, R.A., 1980. Carbonate saturation and the effect of pressure on the
alkalinity of interstitial waters from the Guatemala
Basin. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 44: 963-972.
Nordstrom, D.K., Plummer, L.N., Wigley, T.M.L., Wolery,
T.J., Ball, J.W., Jenne, E.A., Basset, R.L., Crerar, D.A.,
Florence, T.M., Fritz, B., Hoffman, M., Holdren, G.R.
Jr., Lafon, G.M., Mattigod, S.V. McDuff, R.E., Morel,
F., Reddy, M.M., Sposito, G. and Thrailkill, J., 1979. A
comparision of computerized chemical models for
equilibrium calculations in aqueous systems. In: Jenne,
E.A. (ed), Chemical modeling in aqueous systems,
speciation, sorption, solubility, and kinetics, 93,
American Chemical Society, pp. 857-892.
Opdyke, B.D. and Walker, J.C.G., 1992. Return of the
coral reef hypothesis: basin to shelf partitioning of
CaCO3 and its effects on atmospheric CO2. Geology,
20: 733-736.
Orr, J.C., Fabry, V.J., Aumont, O., Bopp, L., Doney, S.C.,
Feely, R.A., Gnanadesikan, A., Gruber, N., Ishida, A.,
Joos, F., Key, R.M., Lindsay, K., Maier-Reimer, E.,
Matear, R., Monfray, P., Mouchet, A., Najjar, R.G.,
Plattner G.-K., Rodgers, K.B., Sabine, C.L.,
Sarmiento, J.L., Schlitzer, R., Slater, R.D., Totterdell,
I.J., Weirig, M.-F., Yamanaka, Y. and Yool, A., 2005.
Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twentyfirst century and its impact on calcifying organisms.
Nature 437: 681-686, doi:10.1038/nature04095.
Otto, S., 1996. Die Bedeutung von gelöstem organischen
Kohlenstoff (DOC) für den Kohlenstofffluß im
Ozean. Berichte, 87, Fachbereich Geowissenschaften,
Universität Bremen, 150 pp.