205
reduction in cold sediments of Svalbard, Arctic
Ocean. Geomicrobiology Journal, 15: 83-98.
Sansone, F.J., Andrews, C.C. and Okamoto, M.Y., 1987.
Adsorption of short-chain organic acids onto
nearshore
marine
sediments.
Geochimica
et
Cosmochimica Acta, 51: 1889-1896.
Santschi, P.H., Anderson R.F., Fleisher, M.Q. and
Bowles, W., 1991. Measurements of diffusive
sublayer thicknesses in the ocean by alabaster
dissolution, and their implications for the measurements of benthic fluxes. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 96: 10.641-10.657.
Schink, B., 1997. Energetics of syntrophic cooperation
in methanogenic degradation. Microbiology and
Molecular Biology Reviews, 61: 262-280.
Schippers, A., Neretin, L.N., Kallmeyer, J., Ferdelman,
T.G., Cragg, B.A., Parkes, R.J. and Jørgensen, B.B.,
2005. Prokaryotic cells of the deep sub-seafloor
biosphere identified as living bacteria. Nature, 433:
861-864.
Schopf, J.W. and Klein, C. (eds), 1992. The proterozoic
biosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
1348 pp.
Schulz, H.D., Dahmke, A., Schinzel, U., Wallmann, K.
and Zabel, M., 1994. Early diagenetic processes,
fluxes and reaction rates in sediments of the South
Atlantic. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58:
2041-2060.
Schulz, H., Brinkhoff, T., Ferdelman, T.G., Hernandez
Marine, M., Teske, A. and Jørgensen, B.B., 1999.
Dense populations of a giant sulfur bacterium in
Namibian shelf sediments. Science, 284: 493-495.
Seitzinger, S. P., Nielsen, L.P., Caffrey, J. and
Christensen, P.B., 1993. Denitrification measurements in aquatic sediments: A comparison of three
methods. Biogeochemistry, 23: 147-167.
Smith, K.L.Jr., Clifford, C.H. Eliason, A.h., Walden, B.,
Rowe, G.T. and Teal, J.M., 1976. A free vehicle for
measuring
benthic
community
metabolism.
Limnology and Oceanography, 21: 164-170.
Sørensen, J., 1978. Denitrification rates in a marine
sediment as measured by the acetylene inhibition
technique. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
35: 301-305.
Sørensen, J., Christensen, D. and Jørgensen, B.B., 1981.
Volatile fatty acids and hydrogen as substrates for
sulfate-reducing bacteria in anaerobic marine
sediment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
42: 5-11.
Stetter, K.O., 1988. Archaeoglobus fulgidus gen. nov.,
sp. nov.: a new taxon of extremely thermophilic
Archaebacteria.
Systematic
and
Applied
Microbiology, 10: 172-173.
Stetter, K.O., Huber, R., Blöchl, E., Knurr, M., Eden, R.D.,
Fielder, M., Cash, H. and Vance, I., 1993. Hyperthermophilic archaea are thriving in deep North Sea
and Alaskan oil reservoirs. Nature, 365: 743-745.
Stetter, K.O., 1996. Hyperthermophilic procaryotes.
FEMS Microbiology Revue, 18: 149-158.
Straub, K.L., Benz, M., Schink, B. and Widdel, F., 1996.
Anaerobic, nitrate-dependent microbial oxidation of
ferrous iron. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 62: 1458-1460.
Straub, K.L. and Buchholz-Cleven, B.E.E., 1998.
Enumeration and detection of anaerobic ferrous
iron-oxidizing,
nitrate-reducing
bacteria
from
diverse European sediments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64: 4846-4856.
Suess, E., 1980. Particulate organic carbon flux in the
oceans-surface productivity and oxygen utilization.
Nature, 288: 260-263.
Tegelaar, E.W., de Leeuw, J.W., Derenne, S. and
Largeau, C., 1989. A reappraisal of kerogen
formation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53:
3103-3106.
Tengberg, A., de Bovee, F., Hall, P, Berelson, W.,
Chadwick, D., Ciceri, G., Crassous, P., Devol, A.,
Emerson, s., Gage, J., Glud, R., Graziottin, F.,
Gundersen, J., Hammond, D., Helder, W., Hinga, K.,
Holby, O., Jahnke, R., Khripounoff, A., Lieberman,
S., Nuppenau, V., Pfannkuche, O., Reimers, C., Rowe,
G., Sahami, A., Sayles, F., Schurter, M., Smallman, D.,
Wehrli, B. and de Wilde, P., 1995. Benthic chamber
and profiling landers in oceanography - A review of
design, technical solutions and function. Progress in
Oceanography, 35: 253-292.
Thamdrup, B., Finster, K., Hansen, J.W. and Bak, F.,
1993. Bacterial disproportionation of elemental
sulfur coupled to chemical reduction of iron or
manganese. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59: 101-108.
Thamdrup, B., Fossing, H. and Jørgensen, B.B., 1994.
Manganese, iron, and sulfur cycling in a coastal
marine sediment, Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta, 58: 5115-5129.
Thauer, R.K., Jungermann, K. and Decker, K., 1977.
Energy conservation in chemotrophic anaerobic
bacteria. Bacterial Reviews, 41: 100-180.
Thomsen, L., Jähmlich, S., Graf, G., Friedrichs, M.,
Wanner, S. and Springer, B., 1996. An instrument
for aggregate studies in the benthic boundary layer.
Marine Geology, 135: 153-157.
Vetter, Y.A., Deming, J.W., Jumars, P.A. and
Kriegerbrockett, B.B., 1998. A predictive model of
bacterial foraging by means of freely released extracellular enzymes. Microbiology Ecology, 36: 75-92.
Weber, A. and Jørgensen, B.B., 2002. Bacterial sulfate
reduction in hydrothermal sediments of the Guaymas
Basin, Gulf of California, Mexico. Deep-Sea
Research, 49: 827-841.
Weiss, M.S., Abele, U., Weckesser, J., Welte, W. und
Schulz, G.E., 1991. Molecular architecture and
electrostatic properties of a bacterial porin. Science,
254: 1627-1630.
Wellsbury, P., Goodman, K., Barth, T., Cragg, B.A.,
Barnes, S.P. and Parkes R.J., 1997. Deep marine biosphere fuelled by increasing organic matter availability
during burial and heating. Nature, 388: 573-576.
References
reduction in cold sediments of Svalbard, Arctic
Ocean. Geomicrobiology Journal, 15: 83-98.
Sansone, F.J., Andrews, C.C. and Okamoto, M.Y., 1987.
Adsorption of short-chain organic acids onto
nearshore
marine
sediments.
Geochimica
et
Cosmochimica Acta, 51: 1889-1896.
Santschi, P.H., Anderson R.F., Fleisher, M.Q. and
Bowles, W., 1991. Measurements of diffusive
sublayer thicknesses in the ocean by alabaster
dissolution, and their implications for the measurements of benthic fluxes. Journal of Geophysical
Research, 96: 10.641-10.657.
Schink, B., 1997. Energetics of syntrophic cooperation
in methanogenic degradation. Microbiology and
Molecular Biology Reviews, 61: 262-280.
Schippers, A., Neretin, L.N., Kallmeyer, J., Ferdelman,
T.G., Cragg, B.A., Parkes, R.J. and Jørgensen, B.B.,
2005. Prokaryotic cells of the deep sub-seafloor
biosphere identified as living bacteria. Nature, 433:
861-864.
Schopf, J.W. and Klein, C. (eds), 1992. The proterozoic
biosphere. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge,
1348 pp.
Schulz, H.D., Dahmke, A., Schinzel, U., Wallmann, K.
and Zabel, M., 1994. Early diagenetic processes,
fluxes and reaction rates in sediments of the South
Atlantic. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 58:
2041-2060.
Schulz, H., Brinkhoff, T., Ferdelman, T.G., Hernandez
Marine, M., Teske, A. and Jørgensen, B.B., 1999.
Dense populations of a giant sulfur bacterium in
Namibian shelf sediments. Science, 284: 493-495.
Seitzinger, S. P., Nielsen, L.P., Caffrey, J. and
Christensen, P.B., 1993. Denitrification measurements in aquatic sediments: A comparison of three
methods. Biogeochemistry, 23: 147-167.
Smith, K.L.Jr., Clifford, C.H. Eliason, A.h., Walden, B.,
Rowe, G.T. and Teal, J.M., 1976. A free vehicle for
measuring
benthic
community
metabolism.
Limnology and Oceanography, 21: 164-170.
Sørensen, J., 1978. Denitrification rates in a marine
sediment as measured by the acetylene inhibition
technique. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
35: 301-305.
Sørensen, J., Christensen, D. and Jørgensen, B.B., 1981.
Volatile fatty acids and hydrogen as substrates for
sulfate-reducing bacteria in anaerobic marine
sediment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology,
42: 5-11.
Stetter, K.O., 1988. Archaeoglobus fulgidus gen. nov.,
sp. nov.: a new taxon of extremely thermophilic
Archaebacteria.
Systematic
and
Applied
Microbiology, 10: 172-173.
Stetter, K.O., Huber, R., Blöchl, E., Knurr, M., Eden, R.D.,
Fielder, M., Cash, H. and Vance, I., 1993. Hyperthermophilic archaea are thriving in deep North Sea
and Alaskan oil reservoirs. Nature, 365: 743-745.
Stetter, K.O., 1996. Hyperthermophilic procaryotes.
FEMS Microbiology Revue, 18: 149-158.
Straub, K.L., Benz, M., Schink, B. and Widdel, F., 1996.
Anaerobic, nitrate-dependent microbial oxidation of
ferrous iron. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 62: 1458-1460.
Straub, K.L. and Buchholz-Cleven, B.E.E., 1998.
Enumeration and detection of anaerobic ferrous
iron-oxidizing,
nitrate-reducing
bacteria
from
diverse European sediments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 64: 4846-4856.
Suess, E., 1980. Particulate organic carbon flux in the
oceans-surface productivity and oxygen utilization.
Nature, 288: 260-263.
Tegelaar, E.W., de Leeuw, J.W., Derenne, S. and
Largeau, C., 1989. A reappraisal of kerogen
formation. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 53:
3103-3106.
Tengberg, A., de Bovee, F., Hall, P, Berelson, W.,
Chadwick, D., Ciceri, G., Crassous, P., Devol, A.,
Emerson, s., Gage, J., Glud, R., Graziottin, F.,
Gundersen, J., Hammond, D., Helder, W., Hinga, K.,
Holby, O., Jahnke, R., Khripounoff, A., Lieberman,
S., Nuppenau, V., Pfannkuche, O., Reimers, C., Rowe,
G., Sahami, A., Sayles, F., Schurter, M., Smallman, D.,
Wehrli, B. and de Wilde, P., 1995. Benthic chamber
and profiling landers in oceanography - A review of
design, technical solutions and function. Progress in
Oceanography, 35: 253-292.
Thamdrup, B., Finster, K., Hansen, J.W. and Bak, F.,
1993. Bacterial disproportionation of elemental
sulfur coupled to chemical reduction of iron or
manganese. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 59: 101-108.
Thamdrup, B., Fossing, H. and Jørgensen, B.B., 1994.
Manganese, iron, and sulfur cycling in a coastal
marine sediment, Aarhus Bay, Denmark. Geochimica
et Cosmochimica Acta, 58: 5115-5129.
Thauer, R.K., Jungermann, K. and Decker, K., 1977.
Energy conservation in chemotrophic anaerobic
bacteria. Bacterial Reviews, 41: 100-180.
Thomsen, L., Jähmlich, S., Graf, G., Friedrichs, M.,
Wanner, S. and Springer, B., 1996. An instrument
for aggregate studies in the benthic boundary layer.
Marine Geology, 135: 153-157.
Vetter, Y.A., Deming, J.W., Jumars, P.A. and
Kriegerbrockett, B.B., 1998. A predictive model of
bacterial foraging by means of freely released extracellular enzymes. Microbiology Ecology, 36: 75-92.
Weber, A. and Jørgensen, B.B., 2002. Bacterial sulfate
reduction in hydrothermal sediments of the Guaymas
Basin, Gulf of California, Mexico. Deep-Sea
Research, 49: 827-841.
Weiss, M.S., Abele, U., Weckesser, J., Welte, W. und
Schulz, G.E., 1991. Molecular architecture and
electrostatic properties of a bacterial porin. Science,
254: 1627-1630.
Wellsbury, P., Goodman, K., Barth, T., Cragg, B.A.,
Barnes, S.P. and Parkes R.J., 1997. Deep marine biosphere fuelled by increasing organic matter availability
during burial and heating. Nature, 388: 573-576.
References