• Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), one of the most
important remote sensing device. Involves two satellites: Terra and Aqua. This
system is designed for large-scale global dynamics monitoring. Placed into the
orbit by NASA.
• Multi-angle Imaging Spectral Radiometer (MISR), another satellite in this
measurements unique is that the instrument is equipped in cameras pointed in 9
different directions. As a result, it is possible to gain very accurate information
about radiation coming from earth. Also launched by NASA.
• Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR), main purpose of this
satellite is the global Sea Surface Temperature (SST) monitoring. Besides SST
this system provides data about surface temperature in general, clouds, aerosols,
vegetation and snow. Belongs to European Space Agency (ESA).
• Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectances (POLDER), another
satellite developed by French space agency CNES.
• Medium-spectral Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), device placed on
board Envisat platform put into the orbit by ESA.
• Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), project based on the
satellite observations designed to collect global ocean surface biological data.
Another system provide by NASA.
• Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Observations (CALIPSO),
involves lidar measurements and passive infrared and visible observations from
satellites to investigate vertical profile of atmosphere.
Based on comprehensive (ground, satellite, aircraft-based) measurements such
interdisciplinary kind of approach, allows to estimate not only the global AOD
distribution or the SSA emission, but also budget of SSA, surface wind speed,
surface wave phase velocity, Chl-a concentration, colored dissolved organic matter
(CDOM) concentration whitecap fraction and sea surface temperature (SST),
(Meskhidze et al. 2013). The reason for such wide-ranging measurements is to
estimate and compare the influence of above parameters on aerosol emission from
the marine surface. Ground remote measurements are necessary to validate satellite
measurements (Melin et al. 2013).
2.4 Regional and Global Modeling
More and more models of climate or atmosphere have implementation of interactive
sea-salt aerosol emission part. The role of such modeling is to estimate the global
emission of SSA to the atmosphere. Very important is also prediction of SSA
influence on weather and cloud-creative processes. The main problem for such
research based on modeling is lack of in situ data. It is very important to compare
theoretical predictions with real measurements. The most popular data from direct
measurements is the mass concentration measurements. For improvement quality of
modeling processes connected with SSA there are plans to develop large
Sea Spray Aerosol Fluxes in the Near Water Boundary Layer …
43
important remote sensing device. Involves two satellites: Terra and Aqua. This
system is designed for large-scale global dynamics monitoring. Placed into the
orbit by NASA.
• Multi-angle Imaging Spectral Radiometer (MISR), another satellite in this
measurements unique is that the instrument is equipped in cameras pointed in 9
different directions. As a result, it is possible to gain very accurate information
about radiation coming from earth. Also launched by NASA.
• Advanced Along Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR), main purpose of this
satellite is the global Sea Surface Temperature (SST) monitoring. Besides SST
this system provides data about surface temperature in general, clouds, aerosols,
vegetation and snow. Belongs to European Space Agency (ESA).
• Polarization and Directionality of the Earth’s Reflectances (POLDER), another
satellite developed by French space agency CNES.
• Medium-spectral Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS), device placed on
board Envisat platform put into the orbit by ESA.
• Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS), project based on the
satellite observations designed to collect global ocean surface biological data.
Another system provide by NASA.
• Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Observations (CALIPSO),
involves lidar measurements and passive infrared and visible observations from
satellites to investigate vertical profile of atmosphere.
Based on comprehensive (ground, satellite, aircraft-based) measurements such
interdisciplinary kind of approach, allows to estimate not only the global AOD
distribution or the SSA emission, but also budget of SSA, surface wind speed,
surface wave phase velocity, Chl-a concentration, colored dissolved organic matter
(CDOM) concentration whitecap fraction and sea surface temperature (SST),
(Meskhidze et al. 2013). The reason for such wide-ranging measurements is to
estimate and compare the influence of above parameters on aerosol emission from
the marine surface. Ground remote measurements are necessary to validate satellite
measurements (Melin et al. 2013).
2.4 Regional and Global Modeling
More and more models of climate or atmosphere have implementation of interactive
sea-salt aerosol emission part. The role of such modeling is to estimate the global
emission of SSA to the atmosphere. Very important is also prediction of SSA
influence on weather and cloud-creative processes. The main problem for such
research based on modeling is lack of in situ data. It is very important to compare
theoretical predictions with real measurements. The most popular data from direct
measurements is the mass concentration measurements. For improvement quality of
modeling processes connected with SSA there are plans to develop large
Sea Spray Aerosol Fluxes in the Near Water Boundary Layer …
43