The basic statistics, which are presented in the table were calculated for all three
stations. The extremes (minimum and maximum) and central tendency (mean) were
used to present the changing aerosol structure with years and among the different
locations. The variance measures how the parameters are spread out each year and
almost for whole data it tends to be very close to the mean (small values).
5 Conclusions
In this work we have discussed the changes of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at
500 nm and the Ångström exponent (AE) (440–870 nm) measured with use of
different types of sun photometers. A general conclusion is that the results obtained
over a period of 2000 and 2012 show that marine source has been a dominating of
aerosol sources over Spitsbergen. Some years (2005, 2006, 2008 and 2011) show
very high values of AOD due to strong aerosol events such as the Arctic Haze. In
general the mean AOD values increase over the period of 2000 and 2012 over
Spitsbergen. This may indicate the presence of larger scale of atmospheric pollution
in the region. This conclusion has to be further verified by applying of chemical
composition analyses.
Acknowledgments This research has been partly made within the framework of a PolishNorwegian Research Programme operated by the National Centre for Research and Development
under the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2009–2014 in the frame of Project Contract No PolNor/196911/38/2013.
References
Brock CA, Cozic J, Bahreini R, Froyd KD, Middlebrook AM, McComiskey A, Brioude J, Cooper
OR, Stohl A, Aikin KC, de Gouw JA, Fahey DW, Ferrare RA, Gao R-S, Gore W, Holloway
JS, H¨ubler G, Jefferson A, Lack DA, Lance S, Moore RH, Murphy DM, Nenes A, Novelli PC,
Nowak JB, Ogren JA, Peischl J, Pierce RB, Pilewskie P, Quinn PK, Ryerson TB, Schmidt KS,
Schwarz JP, Sodemann H, Spackman JR, Stark H, Thomson DS, Thornberry T, Veres P, Watts
LA, Warneke C, Wollny AG (2011) Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols
measured in spring 2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic
Climate (ARCPAC) Project. Atmos Chem Phys 11:2423–2453. doi:10.5194/acp-11-24232011
Dixon GJ (1998) Laser radars produce three-dimensional pictures. Laser Focus World 4:129–136
Drollette D (2000) Ancient writings come to light. Photonics Spectra 4:40
Dubovik O, Holben B, Eck TF, Smirnov A, Kaufman YJ, King MD, Tanré D, Slutsker I (2002)
Variability of absorption and optical properties of key aerosol types observed in worldwide
locations. J Atmos Sci 59(3):590–608. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0590:VOAAOP>2.
0.CO
Engvall A-C, Krejci R, Ström J, Treffeisen R, Scheele R, Hermansen O, Paatero J (2008) Changes
in aerosol properties during spring-summer period in the Arctic troposphere. Atmos Chem
Phys 8:445–462. http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/445/2008/
34
P. Pakszys et al.
stations. The extremes (minimum and maximum) and central tendency (mean) were
used to present the changing aerosol structure with years and among the different
locations. The variance measures how the parameters are spread out each year and
almost for whole data it tends to be very close to the mean (small values).
5 Conclusions
In this work we have discussed the changes of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at
500 nm and the Ångström exponent (AE) (440–870 nm) measured with use of
different types of sun photometers. A general conclusion is that the results obtained
over a period of 2000 and 2012 show that marine source has been a dominating of
aerosol sources over Spitsbergen. Some years (2005, 2006, 2008 and 2011) show
very high values of AOD due to strong aerosol events such as the Arctic Haze. In
general the mean AOD values increase over the period of 2000 and 2012 over
Spitsbergen. This may indicate the presence of larger scale of atmospheric pollution
in the region. This conclusion has to be further verified by applying of chemical
composition analyses.
Acknowledgments This research has been partly made within the framework of a PolishNorwegian Research Programme operated by the National Centre for Research and Development
under the Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2009–2014 in the frame of Project Contract No PolNor/196911/38/2013.
References
Brock CA, Cozic J, Bahreini R, Froyd KD, Middlebrook AM, McComiskey A, Brioude J, Cooper
OR, Stohl A, Aikin KC, de Gouw JA, Fahey DW, Ferrare RA, Gao R-S, Gore W, Holloway
JS, H¨ubler G, Jefferson A, Lack DA, Lance S, Moore RH, Murphy DM, Nenes A, Novelli PC,
Nowak JB, Ogren JA, Peischl J, Pierce RB, Pilewskie P, Quinn PK, Ryerson TB, Schmidt KS,
Schwarz JP, Sodemann H, Spackman JR, Stark H, Thomson DS, Thornberry T, Veres P, Watts
LA, Warneke C, Wollny AG (2011) Characteristics, sources, and transport of aerosols
measured in spring 2008 during the aerosol, radiation, and cloud processes affecting Arctic
Climate (ARCPAC) Project. Atmos Chem Phys 11:2423–2453. doi:10.5194/acp-11-24232011
Dixon GJ (1998) Laser radars produce three-dimensional pictures. Laser Focus World 4:129–136
Drollette D (2000) Ancient writings come to light. Photonics Spectra 4:40
Dubovik O, Holben B, Eck TF, Smirnov A, Kaufman YJ, King MD, Tanré D, Slutsker I (2002)
Variability of absorption and optical properties of key aerosol types observed in worldwide
locations. J Atmos Sci 59(3):590–608. doi:10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<0590:VOAAOP>2.
0.CO
Engvall A-C, Krejci R, Ström J, Treffeisen R, Scheele R, Hermansen O, Paatero J (2008) Changes
in aerosol properties during spring-summer period in the Arctic troposphere. Atmos Chem
Phys 8:445–462. http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/8/445/2008/
34
P. Pakszys et al.