Energy and Water Cycles in the Climate System ...
19
GifT
R4dlJC z-eflectivity Ccmz.e}. w. 6 Dect!mber 1995
J.
••
,.
-1 •
GHZ Cloud Radar
c:wr
Vertic~l velocity Im/s). 6 l>!cemblor 1995
-J.ll
-2.0
-1. 0
... 1.'
Figure 1.11: Time-series of returns of radar signals (3 mm), scattered downward from a dense
cloud layer reaching from ground to about 5 km altitude (from Quante et al., 1996). Note the
convective mixing in its top layers.
are shown in Fig. 1.13. They indicate even a small increase within increasing temperatures
near ground (Fig. 1.14).
Various possibilities of shipborne precipitation measurements and related problems are discussed by Petty (1995). They mostly arise from the fact that a ship changes the atmospheric
flow. There are indeed now developments underway of automatic precipitation recorders, whose
principles are based on the backscattering of optical, radar and sound waves by precipitation
19
GifT
R4dlJC z-eflectivity Ccmz.e}. w. 6 Dect!mber 1995
J.
••
,.
-1 •
GHZ Cloud Radar
c:wr
Vertic~l velocity Im/s). 6 l>!cemblor 1995
-J.ll
-2.0
-1. 0
... 1.'
Figure 1.11: Time-series of returns of radar signals (3 mm), scattered downward from a dense
cloud layer reaching from ground to about 5 km altitude (from Quante et al., 1996). Note the
convective mixing in its top layers.
are shown in Fig. 1.13. They indicate even a small increase within increasing temperatures
near ground (Fig. 1.14).
Various possibilities of shipborne precipitation measurements and related problems are discussed by Petty (1995). They mostly arise from the fact that a ship changes the atmospheric
flow. There are indeed now developments underway of automatic precipitation recorders, whose
principles are based on the backscattering of optical, radar and sound waves by precipitation