given situation. Once we were clear about what is where, the next question was
what is what to manage bioresources conservation and livelihood development. In
other words, describing different things. This type of research is called descriptive
research. There are three main types of descriptive methods like observational
methods, case study methods and survey methods. Observational method, under
this method, animal and human behavior are closely observed in natural or laboratory conditions which are also called naturalistic observation and laboratory
observation, respectively. Naturalistic observation is Exploratory Research What is
where? Descriptive Research what is what? Explanatory Research what causes
which effect? Experimental Research what is the extent of effect under controlled
causal condition? One of the goals of advancements to manage bioresources conservation and livelihood development is description and other goals being prediction and explanation. Descriptive research methods are pretty much as they sound,
i.e., they describe situations, having greater ecological validity than laboratory
observation. Laboratory observations are usually under controlled conditions, less
time-consuming and cheaper than naturalistic observations. However, both naturalistic and laboratory observations are important for managing bioresources conservation and livelihood development. Case Study method research involves an
in-depth study of an individual or group of individuals. Case studies often lead to
testable hypotheses and allow us to study rare phenomena. Case studies cannot be
used to determine cause and effect and they have limited use for making accurate
predictions to manage bioresources conservation and livelihood development.
Survey method research, participants answer questions administered through
interviews or questionnaires. After participants answer the questions, researchers
describe the responses given. In order for the survey to be both reliable and valid it
is important that the questions are constructed properly. Questions should be framed
so they are clear and easy to comprehend. It is important for you to understand that
descriptive research methods can only describe a set of observations or the data
collected. It cannot draw conclusions from that data about which way the relationship goes Does A cause B, or does B cause A? This leads to another type of
research called explanatory research. In case of explanatory type of research to
manage bioresources conservation and livelihood development we are interested to
know what causes which kind of effect. This brings in the topic of Principle of
Cause and Effect relationship. The cause and effect principle is based on four basic
characteristics. These four characteristics are like. (1) Causes and effects are the
same things. (2) Causes and effects are part of an infinite continuum of causes.
(3) Each effect has at least two causes in the form of actions and conditions. (4) An
effect exists only if its causes exist at the same point in time and space. You might
be surprised to know that cause and effect are same things. Actually, it is our
perception based on which you may call something cause or effect to manage
bioresources conservation and livelihood development.
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B.K. Narayana Swamy and Y. Nagaraju
what is what to manage bioresources conservation and livelihood development. In
other words, describing different things. This type of research is called descriptive
research. There are three main types of descriptive methods like observational
methods, case study methods and survey methods. Observational method, under
this method, animal and human behavior are closely observed in natural or laboratory conditions which are also called naturalistic observation and laboratory
observation, respectively. Naturalistic observation is Exploratory Research What is
where? Descriptive Research what is what? Explanatory Research what causes
which effect? Experimental Research what is the extent of effect under controlled
causal condition? One of the goals of advancements to manage bioresources conservation and livelihood development is description and other goals being prediction and explanation. Descriptive research methods are pretty much as they sound,
i.e., they describe situations, having greater ecological validity than laboratory
observation. Laboratory observations are usually under controlled conditions, less
time-consuming and cheaper than naturalistic observations. However, both naturalistic and laboratory observations are important for managing bioresources conservation and livelihood development. Case Study method research involves an
in-depth study of an individual or group of individuals. Case studies often lead to
testable hypotheses and allow us to study rare phenomena. Case studies cannot be
used to determine cause and effect and they have limited use for making accurate
predictions to manage bioresources conservation and livelihood development.
Survey method research, participants answer questions administered through
interviews or questionnaires. After participants answer the questions, researchers
describe the responses given. In order for the survey to be both reliable and valid it
is important that the questions are constructed properly. Questions should be framed
so they are clear and easy to comprehend. It is important for you to understand that
descriptive research methods can only describe a set of observations or the data
collected. It cannot draw conclusions from that data about which way the relationship goes Does A cause B, or does B cause A? This leads to another type of
research called explanatory research. In case of explanatory type of research to
manage bioresources conservation and livelihood development we are interested to
know what causes which kind of effect. This brings in the topic of Principle of
Cause and Effect relationship. The cause and effect principle is based on four basic
characteristics. These four characteristics are like. (1) Causes and effects are the
same things. (2) Causes and effects are part of an infinite continuum of causes.
(3) Each effect has at least two causes in the form of actions and conditions. (4) An
effect exists only if its causes exist at the same point in time and space. You might
be surprised to know that cause and effect are same things. Actually, it is our
perception based on which you may call something cause or effect to manage
bioresources conservation and livelihood development.
72
B.K. Narayana Swamy and Y. Nagaraju