production, especially during harvesting stage. Ahmad et al. (2015) report similar
impacts on yield, assessed by single-pole pattern for winter–spring rainfall in the
northern region of Pakistan, whereas Ray et al. (2015) reported that more than 60 %
variation in crop yield is explained by the climatic variability. Average temperature
and precipitation parameters are presented in Appendixes 1 and 2.
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
Mardan
Sialkot
Bahawal Pur
Sukkur
Banazir Abad
Growing Stage
Flowering Stage
Harvesting Stage
Fig. 5 Average variation in climatic temperature (°C) during 2009–2013. Author’s own
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
Mardan
Sialkot
Bahawal Pur
Sukkur
Banazir Abad
Growing Stage
Flowering Stage
Harvesting Stage
Fig. 6 Average variation in climatic precipitation (mm) during 1984–2013. Author’s own
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Mardan
Sialkot
Bahawal Pur
Sukkur
Banazir Abad
Growing Stage
Flowering Stage
Harvesting Stage
Fig. 7 Average variation in climatic precipitation (mm) during 2009–2013. Author’s own
52
M.H. Abdullah et al.