human years/annum employment generation has been potential through this sector.
There are significant growth prospects. Although India is one of the world’s leading
milk producers, yet the northern parts of the country are facing acute shortage of
milk supply. States of the north-east, West Bengal, Delhi and Kerala are dependent
on milk powders. In fact, the Delhi government is keen to procure milk from
Karnataka Milk Federation (KMF) via a rail tanker and the supply is awaiting
clearance from the Indian Railways. There are also opportunities for development
of low-fat and sugarless milk products, paneer and cheese variants. India’s real
economic inclusiveness is with livestock with the adapting automatic weather
stations breedable female bovines (cattle and Buffalo) by ear tagging (polyurethane)
with laser printed unique numbers. To provide a detailed pass book with details for
the animals to enable unique identification and collection of data, the following
benefits are expected
• Tracking of animals from the point of origin without unnecessary burden to
producers and other stake holders.
• Animal movement data can be maintained and readily accessed when necessary.
• Respond to intentionally or unintentionally introduced animal disease outbreaks
quickly and effectively.
To provide the capability to identify all animals and premises that have had a
direct contact with a disease of concern, identify beneficiaries for implementing
various schemes by the govt. The milk producing ability of animals is related to the
expression of various genes and proteins in the mammary gland apart from the
hormonal regulation. Similarly, the reproduction potential of the farm animal is
dependent on the expression of genes and proteins in the reproductive systems.
(1) Proteomics is an upcoming area wherein the detailed proteome analysis of the
systems as a whole, will help us understand the gene network pathway of production
and reproduction traits. (2) Bovine genome has been recently annotated and the
annotation of buffalo genome is under progress by various groups. Many of the
annotated genes have been categorized as pseudo and hypothetical genes. Therefore
there is a need to annotate the genes at the protein level by proteomic approaches.
(3) Generation of voluminous data from genomics and proteomics approaches from
farm animals needs further validation in terms of their structure at molecular level.
Therefore, there is a need to characterize the proteins at molecular level by X-ray
crystallography to make a data base of animals’ proteins leading to structural
genomics of farm animals from there also need to understand climate change on milk
production.
10 Dairy Calves
The challenging issue in dairy production in India is what to do with male dairy
calves. Many states have banned the slaughter of dairy cattle, and beef is not a
popular meat due to cultural and religious factors. As a result, male dairy calves
542
K. Sreenivasaiah
There are significant growth prospects. Although India is one of the world’s leading
milk producers, yet the northern parts of the country are facing acute shortage of
milk supply. States of the north-east, West Bengal, Delhi and Kerala are dependent
on milk powders. In fact, the Delhi government is keen to procure milk from
Karnataka Milk Federation (KMF) via a rail tanker and the supply is awaiting
clearance from the Indian Railways. There are also opportunities for development
of low-fat and sugarless milk products, paneer and cheese variants. India’s real
economic inclusiveness is with livestock with the adapting automatic weather
stations breedable female bovines (cattle and Buffalo) by ear tagging (polyurethane)
with laser printed unique numbers. To provide a detailed pass book with details for
the animals to enable unique identification and collection of data, the following
benefits are expected
• Tracking of animals from the point of origin without unnecessary burden to
producers and other stake holders.
• Animal movement data can be maintained and readily accessed when necessary.
• Respond to intentionally or unintentionally introduced animal disease outbreaks
quickly and effectively.
To provide the capability to identify all animals and premises that have had a
direct contact with a disease of concern, identify beneficiaries for implementing
various schemes by the govt. The milk producing ability of animals is related to the
expression of various genes and proteins in the mammary gland apart from the
hormonal regulation. Similarly, the reproduction potential of the farm animal is
dependent on the expression of genes and proteins in the reproductive systems.
(1) Proteomics is an upcoming area wherein the detailed proteome analysis of the
systems as a whole, will help us understand the gene network pathway of production
and reproduction traits. (2) Bovine genome has been recently annotated and the
annotation of buffalo genome is under progress by various groups. Many of the
annotated genes have been categorized as pseudo and hypothetical genes. Therefore
there is a need to annotate the genes at the protein level by proteomic approaches.
(3) Generation of voluminous data from genomics and proteomics approaches from
farm animals needs further validation in terms of their structure at molecular level.
Therefore, there is a need to characterize the proteins at molecular level by X-ray
crystallography to make a data base of animals’ proteins leading to structural
genomics of farm animals from there also need to understand climate change on milk
production.
10 Dairy Calves
The challenging issue in dairy production in India is what to do with male dairy
calves. Many states have banned the slaughter of dairy cattle, and beef is not a
popular meat due to cultural and religious factors. As a result, male dairy calves
542
K. Sreenivasaiah