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Figure 1: The five leading EOF's of wintertime-mean (December through February) 50mb height, computed from the temporal covariance matrix, based on NMC operational
analyses for the period 1964 through February 1990. Contour interval 50 m.
provides a brief, selective chronology of some of the primary observational
data sets used in climate research.
The year 1659 marks the beginning of the longest instrumental record
of surface air temperature: the one for central England temperature. By
1800 a number of European stations and one U.S. station (New Haven) were
recording surface air temperature. The network of roughly 50 stations that
were operating in 1856 was extensive enough to enable Jones et al. (1985)
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