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1-12.
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the ECHAM model. ECMWF /WCRP. "Workshop on clouds, radiative transfer and the
hydrological cycle", 12-15 Nov. 1990, 199-222, ECMWF, Reading, U.K.
ROECKNER, E., J. M. OBERHUBER, A. BACHER, M. CHRISTOPH, I. KIRCHNER, 1995:
ENSO variability and atmospheric response in a global coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM.
Max-Planck-Institut ffir Meteorologie, Report No. 178, Hamburg.
ROECKNER, E., K. ARPE, L. BENGTSSON, M. CHRISTOPH, M. CLAUSSEN, L. DUMENIL,
M. ESCH, M. GIORGETTA, U. SCHLESE, AND U. SCHULZWEIDA, 1996: The Max
Planck Institute for Meteorology fourth generation atmospheric general circulation model
(ECHAM4): Model description and climatology. (In preparation).
SAUSEN, R., R. K. BARTHELS AND K. HASSELMANN, 1988: Coupled ocean- atmosphere
models with flux corrections. Climate Dynamics, 2, 154- 163.
SAUSEN, R., S. SCHUBERT AND L. DUMENIL, 1991: A model of the river runoff for use
in coupled atmosphere-ocean models. Meteorologisches Institut, University of Hamburg,
Report No 9, 15-33.
SIMMONS, A. J. AND R. STRUFING, 1983: Numerical forecast of stratospheric warming events
usinf a model with a hybrid vertical coordinate. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 109, 81-111.
SPENCER, R. W. AND J. R. CHRISTY, 1990: Precise Monitoring of Global Temperature
Trends from Satellites. Science, 247, 1558-1562.
SUNDQVIST, H., 1978: A parameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including
prediction of cloud water content. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 104, 677-690.
TAYLOR, K. E. AND J. E. PENNER, 1994: Response of the climate system to atmospheric
aerosols and greenhouse gases. Nature, 369, 734-737.
TIEDTKE, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in largescale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779- 1800.
TRENBERTH, K. (ED.), 1992: Climate system modeling. Cambridge University Press.
WASHINGTON, W. M. AND G. A. MEEHL, 1991: Climate sensitivity due to increased C02:
Experiments with a coupled atmosphere and ocean general circulation model. Climate
Dyu., 4, 1-38.
WILLIAMSON, D.L. AND P. J. RASCH 1994: Water vapour transport in the NCAR CCM2
Tellus, 46A, 34-51.
ROCKEL, B., E. RASCHKE AND B. WEYNES, 1991: A parameterization of broad band radiative transfer properties of water, ice and mixed clouds. Beitr. Phys. Atmosph., 64,
1-12.
ROECKNER, E., M. RIELAND AND E. KEUP, 1991: Modelling of cloud and radiation in
the ECHAM model. ECMWF /WCRP. "Workshop on clouds, radiative transfer and the
hydrological cycle", 12-15 Nov. 1990, 199-222, ECMWF, Reading, U.K.
ROECKNER, E., J. M. OBERHUBER, A. BACHER, M. CHRISTOPH, I. KIRCHNER, 1995:
ENSO variability and atmospheric response in a global coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM.
Max-Planck-Institut ffir Meteorologie, Report No. 178, Hamburg.
ROECKNER, E., K. ARPE, L. BENGTSSON, M. CHRISTOPH, M. CLAUSSEN, L. DUMENIL,
M. ESCH, M. GIORGETTA, U. SCHLESE, AND U. SCHULZWEIDA, 1996: The Max
Planck Institute for Meteorology fourth generation atmospheric general circulation model
(ECHAM4): Model description and climatology. (In preparation).
SAUSEN, R., R. K. BARTHELS AND K. HASSELMANN, 1988: Coupled ocean- atmosphere
models with flux corrections. Climate Dynamics, 2, 154- 163.
SAUSEN, R., S. SCHUBERT AND L. DUMENIL, 1991: A model of the river runoff for use
in coupled atmosphere-ocean models. Meteorologisches Institut, University of Hamburg,
Report No 9, 15-33.
SIMMONS, A. J. AND R. STRUFING, 1983: Numerical forecast of stratospheric warming events
usinf a model with a hybrid vertical coordinate. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 109, 81-111.
SPENCER, R. W. AND J. R. CHRISTY, 1990: Precise Monitoring of Global Temperature
Trends from Satellites. Science, 247, 1558-1562.
SUNDQVIST, H., 1978: A parameterization scheme for non-convective condensation including
prediction of cloud water content. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 104, 677-690.
TAYLOR, K. E. AND J. E. PENNER, 1994: Response of the climate system to atmospheric
aerosols and greenhouse gases. Nature, 369, 734-737.
TIEDTKE, M., 1989: A comprehensive mass flux scheme for cumulus parameterization in largescale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1779- 1800.
TRENBERTH, K. (ED.), 1992: Climate system modeling. Cambridge University Press.
WASHINGTON, W. M. AND G. A. MEEHL, 1991: Climate sensitivity due to increased C02:
Experiments with a coupled atmosphere and ocean general circulation model. Climate
Dyu., 4, 1-38.
WILLIAMSON, D.L. AND P. J. RASCH 1994: Water vapour transport in the NCAR CCM2
Tellus, 46A, 34-51.