62
Bastiaan Knoppers . Bjorn Kjerfve
interaction with nitrogen and phosphorous in controlling algal biomass in tropical
coastal lagoons.
In Brazil, awareness by financial institutions of the need for environmental planning and clean-up is on the increase, and reasonable management plans have been proposed for many regions and ecosystems. The Brazilian environmental legislation
(CONAMA) is exemplary. Also, a National Coastal Zone Management Plan was established recently (1988) to promote sustained protection of coastal ecosystems. The
Coastal Zone Management Information System (SIGERCO) and a geographic information system (GIS) database already play important roles (Laydner 1996). However, solutions still need to be implemented, and they are likely to be very expensive and politically delicate - thus, slow and difficult to achieve. The ideal management strategy for
tropical coastal lagoons, as for all ecosystems, is prevention rather than remedial action.
Acknowledgements
The manuscript is dedicated to Clarita (Clara Kjerfve) and Jojo (Johanna Knoppers).
We would like to thank Dr. Werner Ekau for helping produce the graphics, Carlos
Carvalho Bitton for helping compile the data tables, and Ursula Maria Neira Mendoza
and Maria Eulalia R. Carneiro for proof reading the references. We appreciate valuable comments on our manuscript by Drs. P.e. Abreu and C. Odebrecht and for providing us with unpublished data on Patos L. We also appreciate A. Schwarzbold for
providing us with unpublished data. Over the years, our work on coastal lagoons has
been supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico
(CNPq), National Science Foundation (NSF), National Geographic Society, Instituto
Acqua through the PROLAGOS project, Financiadora Nacional Estudos e Projetos
(FINEP), and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPER}).
This is contribution N° 1117 from the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and
Coastal Research.
References
Abreu PC, Biddanda B, Odebrecht C (1992) Bacterial dynamics of the Patos Lagoon Estuary, southern
Brazil (32°S, 52°W): relationship with phytoplankton production and suspended material Est Coast
Shelf Science 6:621-635
Abreu PC, Graneli E, Odebrecht C, Kitzmann LA (1994a) Proen~a, and C Resgalla Jr, Effect of fish and
mesozooplankton manipulation on the phytoplankton community in the Patos Lagoon Estuary,
southern Brazil. Estuaries 17:575-584
Abreu PC, Odebrecht C, Gonzalez A (1994b) Particulate and dissolved phytoplankton production of
the Patos Lagoon Estuary, southern Brazil: Comparison of methods and influencing factors.
J Plankton Res 16:737-753
Abreu PC, Hartmann C, Odebrecht C (1995) Nutrient-rich saltwater and its influence on the phytoplankton of the Patos Lagoon Estuary, southern Brazil. Est Coast Shelf Science 40:219-229
Adaime RR (1985) Produ~ao do bosque de mangue da Gamboa Nobregua (Cananeia, 25° lat. S, Brasil.)
PhD dissertation Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo
Alvarez-Borrego 1, Alvarez-Borrego S (1982) Temporal and spatial variability of temperature in two
coastal lagoons, CALCOFI Reports XXIII, pp 188-197
Atkinson MJ (1987) Low phosphorus sediments in a hypersaline marine bay. Est Coast Shelf Science
24:335-347
Belloto VR (1992) Regenera~ao de nutrientes nos sedimentos da Laguna de Saquarema, RJ Departamento de Geoquimica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter6i, RJ, Brazil
Bird EC (1994) Physical setting and geomorphology of coastal lagoons. In: Kjerfve B (ed) Coastal Lagoon Processes. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 9-39
Bastiaan Knoppers . Bjorn Kjerfve
interaction with nitrogen and phosphorous in controlling algal biomass in tropical
coastal lagoons.
In Brazil, awareness by financial institutions of the need for environmental planning and clean-up is on the increase, and reasonable management plans have been proposed for many regions and ecosystems. The Brazilian environmental legislation
(CONAMA) is exemplary. Also, a National Coastal Zone Management Plan was established recently (1988) to promote sustained protection of coastal ecosystems. The
Coastal Zone Management Information System (SIGERCO) and a geographic information system (GIS) database already play important roles (Laydner 1996). However, solutions still need to be implemented, and they are likely to be very expensive and politically delicate - thus, slow and difficult to achieve. The ideal management strategy for
tropical coastal lagoons, as for all ecosystems, is prevention rather than remedial action.
Acknowledgements
The manuscript is dedicated to Clarita (Clara Kjerfve) and Jojo (Johanna Knoppers).
We would like to thank Dr. Werner Ekau for helping produce the graphics, Carlos
Carvalho Bitton for helping compile the data tables, and Ursula Maria Neira Mendoza
and Maria Eulalia R. Carneiro for proof reading the references. We appreciate valuable comments on our manuscript by Drs. P.e. Abreu and C. Odebrecht and for providing us with unpublished data on Patos L. We also appreciate A. Schwarzbold for
providing us with unpublished data. Over the years, our work on coastal lagoons has
been supported by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico
(CNPq), National Science Foundation (NSF), National Geographic Society, Instituto
Acqua through the PROLAGOS project, Financiadora Nacional Estudos e Projetos
(FINEP), and Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPER}).
This is contribution N° 1117 from the Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and
Coastal Research.
References
Abreu PC, Biddanda B, Odebrecht C (1992) Bacterial dynamics of the Patos Lagoon Estuary, southern
Brazil (32°S, 52°W): relationship with phytoplankton production and suspended material Est Coast
Shelf Science 6:621-635
Abreu PC, Graneli E, Odebrecht C, Kitzmann LA (1994a) Proen~a, and C Resgalla Jr, Effect of fish and
mesozooplankton manipulation on the phytoplankton community in the Patos Lagoon Estuary,
southern Brazil. Estuaries 17:575-584
Abreu PC, Odebrecht C, Gonzalez A (1994b) Particulate and dissolved phytoplankton production of
the Patos Lagoon Estuary, southern Brazil: Comparison of methods and influencing factors.
J Plankton Res 16:737-753
Abreu PC, Hartmann C, Odebrecht C (1995) Nutrient-rich saltwater and its influence on the phytoplankton of the Patos Lagoon Estuary, southern Brazil. Est Coast Shelf Science 40:219-229
Adaime RR (1985) Produ~ao do bosque de mangue da Gamboa Nobregua (Cananeia, 25° lat. S, Brasil.)
PhD dissertation Instituto Oceanografico, Universidade de Sao Paulo
Alvarez-Borrego 1, Alvarez-Borrego S (1982) Temporal and spatial variability of temperature in two
coastal lagoons, CALCOFI Reports XXIII, pp 188-197
Atkinson MJ (1987) Low phosphorus sediments in a hypersaline marine bay. Est Coast Shelf Science
24:335-347
Belloto VR (1992) Regenera~ao de nutrientes nos sedimentos da Laguna de Saquarema, RJ Departamento de Geoquimica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter6i, RJ, Brazil
Bird EC (1994) Physical setting and geomorphology of coastal lagoons. In: Kjerfve B (ed) Coastal Lagoon Processes. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 9-39