5.9 Acids Derived from Sugars
CH20H
I
HO-C-H
I
H-C-OH
I
H-C-OH
I
HO-C-H
I
H-C-OH
I
H-C-OH
I
CH20H
D-erythro- L-galacto-Octitol
5.9
Acids Derived from Sugars
CH20H
I
H-C-OH
I
HO-C-H
I
H-C-OH
I
HO-C-H
I
H-C-OH
I
CH20H
nneso-D-glycero-Lido-Heptitol
CH20H
I
H-C-OH
I
H-C-OH
I
HO-C-H
I
HO-C-H
I
CH3
165
L-Rhamnitol or
1-DeoxY-L-mannitol
Through oxidation of the terminal aldehyde and alcohol functions of
monosaccharides four different types of polyhydroxycarboxylic acids can
be generated for which numerous traditional names are in use (see Table
17). Systematic names for these compounds, though, can very simply be
formed by appropriate transformations or replacements of the ... ose and
... ulose endings as shown below:
a} oxidation of the aldehyde function: ... onic acid (generic name: aldonic
acids),
b} oxidation of the terminal alcohol function: .•. uronic acid (generic
name: uronic acids),
c} oxidation of both terminal functions: ... aric acid (generic name:
aldaric acids),
d} oxidation of one terminus of ketoses: ... ulosonic acid (generic name:
ketoaldonic acids).
Derivatives of these acids are named in accordance with the general rules
of substitutive nomenclature.