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4 The Measurement Process in Chemistry
Seminar 4.1
Analytical Processes for the Determination of Inorganic Pollutants
in Water
• Learning objectives
• To examine different measurement procedures for the same type of sample
(water) in environmental analysis.
• To become acquainted with chemical measurement processes reported in
the specialized literature.
• Sources
Annexes I and II of this chapter, which reproduce procedures from a handbook containing detailed descriptions of the following:
• the direct determination of metal traces;
• the determination of metal traces requiring preconcentration; and
• the determination of total cyanide.
• Description of the procedure to be used in each case
• Identify and classify the analytical tools required.
• Distinguish the three fundamental steps of the CMP.
• Draw a detailed scheme for each process.
• Describe the calibration procedures, discerning between method and
equipment calibration.
• Discuss the way the final results are computed and expressed.
• Discussion
• Compare the CMPs considered in a critical manner and justify the differences among the methods employed.
• Identify common and differential sources of error potentially affecting the
quality of the final results.
• Expanding the Seminar
• Use suitable handbooks to find one or more procedures for determining
organic pollutants in water.
• Describe the selected procedures.
• Compare such procedures with one another and with those for the determination of inorganic pollutants described in Annexes I and II of this
chapter.
Seminar 4.2
Analytical Processes for the Determination of Analytes in Solid
Samples
• Learning objectives
• To examine different CMPs suited to the type of solid sample to be analysed
and analytes to be determined.
4 The Measurement Process in Chemistry
Seminar 4.1
Analytical Processes for the Determination of Inorganic Pollutants
in Water
• Learning objectives
• To examine different measurement procedures for the same type of sample
(water) in environmental analysis.
• To become acquainted with chemical measurement processes reported in
the specialized literature.
• Sources
Annexes I and II of this chapter, which reproduce procedures from a handbook containing detailed descriptions of the following:
• the direct determination of metal traces;
• the determination of metal traces requiring preconcentration; and
• the determination of total cyanide.
• Description of the procedure to be used in each case
• Identify and classify the analytical tools required.
• Distinguish the three fundamental steps of the CMP.
• Draw a detailed scheme for each process.
• Describe the calibration procedures, discerning between method and
equipment calibration.
• Discuss the way the final results are computed and expressed.
• Discussion
• Compare the CMPs considered in a critical manner and justify the differences among the methods employed.
• Identify common and differential sources of error potentially affecting the
quality of the final results.
• Expanding the Seminar
• Use suitable handbooks to find one or more procedures for determining
organic pollutants in water.
• Describe the selected procedures.
• Compare such procedures with one another and with those for the determination of inorganic pollutants described in Annexes I and II of this
chapter.
Seminar 4.2
Analytical Processes for the Determination of Analytes in Solid
Samples
• Learning objectives
• To examine different CMPs suited to the type of solid sample to be analysed
and analytes to be determined.