174
First
level
Second
level
Val idation of
sa mpling
4 The Measurement Process in Chemistry
Method
validation
Validation of
analytical tools
Validation of
data
Fig.4.19. Ranking of analytical aspects amenable to validation and mutual relations among
them. For details, see text
references (to validate essentially involves to compare). Thus, the global validation of a CMP can be accomplished by comparing the results it provides in
analyses of separate aliquots of a certified reference material (CRM) with the
material's stated values (see Sect. 3.5.4.2). Alternatively, one can compare the
results obtained by subjecting aliquots of the same sample to the CMP in
question and to a primary method (gravimetry, coulometry). Spiked samples,
which are real samples that have been supplied with a given amount of analyte,
provide a less powerful means for the global validation of CMPs.
The validation of analytical tools requires the use of a variety of procedures
dependent on their nature. As a rule, such procedures use reference materials,
whether certified or otherwise. It should be noted that instrument validation is
virtually identical with calibration of both equipment (primary methods) and
analytical methods (relative methods) (see Sect. 3.5.4.1).
4.7 Salient Current Trends
Chemical measurement processes require continual refining in response to the
increasingly varied, heavy demand for chemical information; this has fostered
intensive research and development work, which constitutes the first fundamental element of Analytical Chemistry (Fig. 1.8). Future developments in this context will inevitably rely on scientific and technological innovations inspired by
the three major current trends shown in Fig. 4.20.
First
level
Second
level
Val idation of
sa mpling
4 The Measurement Process in Chemistry
Method
validation
Validation of
analytical tools
Validation of
data
Fig.4.19. Ranking of analytical aspects amenable to validation and mutual relations among
them. For details, see text
references (to validate essentially involves to compare). Thus, the global validation of a CMP can be accomplished by comparing the results it provides in
analyses of separate aliquots of a certified reference material (CRM) with the
material's stated values (see Sect. 3.5.4.2). Alternatively, one can compare the
results obtained by subjecting aliquots of the same sample to the CMP in
question and to a primary method (gravimetry, coulometry). Spiked samples,
which are real samples that have been supplied with a given amount of analyte,
provide a less powerful means for the global validation of CMPs.
The validation of analytical tools requires the use of a variety of procedures
dependent on their nature. As a rule, such procedures use reference materials,
whether certified or otherwise. It should be noted that instrument validation is
virtually identical with calibration of both equipment (primary methods) and
analytical methods (relative methods) (see Sect. 3.5.4.1).
4.7 Salient Current Trends
Chemical measurement processes require continual refining in response to the
increasingly varied, heavy demand for chemical information; this has fostered
intensive research and development work, which constitutes the first fundamental element of Analytical Chemistry (Fig. 1.8). Future developments in this context will inevitably rely on scientific and technological innovations inspired by
the three major current trends shown in Fig. 4.20.