Questions
87
I Questions
(1) Relate the chemical metrological hierarchy to the three types of analytical
information.
(2) Which analytical facets are characterized by analytical properties?
(3) Which type of error characterizes accuracy? Which precision?
(4) Why can accuracy not be correctly established in the absence of precision?
(5) Distinguish precision of a result and precision of a method.
(6) Distinguish accuracy of a result and accuracy of a method.
(7) Comment on the different connotations of analytical uncertainty and its
relationships to other analytical aspects.
(8) Same, with regard to analytical trueness.
(9) Relate uncertainty, precision, accuracy and trueness.
(10) Why are both capital analytical properties indispensable with a view to
characterizing analytical results? Give several practical examples.
(11) Discuss the different connotations of accuracy of a method.
(12) Describe the term "uncertainty of an individual result".
(13) Can accuracy be achieved if only systematic errors are considered? Why?
(14) Comment on the different connotations of the definition of precision.
(15) Distinguish repeatability and reproducibility.
(16) Discuss the different types of errors encountered in Analytical Chemistry
according to source. Use all the adjectives that describe them.
(17) How many types of systematic errors are there?
(18) Why are accuracy and representativeness deemed capital properties?
(19) Comment on the word "independent" in the definitions of repeatability and
reproducibility.
(20) Why if the analytical results are consistent with a given industrial information demand will they also be representative of the analytical problem, the
object and the samples received by the laboratory?
(21) Comment on the direct and inverse relationships among precision,
dispersion and uncertainty.
(22) Comment on the rigour of the different uses of the word "trueness" in
Analytical Chemistry.
(23) Relate accuracy and trueness.
(24) Use a graphical example to relate the definitions of sensitivity (/).s//).C) and
the ability to discriminate between similar analyte concentrations.
(25) In what way are the limits of detection, quantitation and decision related to
sensitivity (/).s/ /).C) ?
(26) Why is statistics required to define sensitivity?
(27) What are the upper and lower limits of the dynamic and linear ranges of the
calibration curve?
(28) In what way is uncertainty related to the maximum tolerated ratio used to
define selectivity?
(29) Can sensitivity be used to define selectivity? When? How?
(30) Discuss selectivity in the multidetermination of analytes in the same sample.
87
I Questions
(1) Relate the chemical metrological hierarchy to the three types of analytical
information.
(2) Which analytical facets are characterized by analytical properties?
(3) Which type of error characterizes accuracy? Which precision?
(4) Why can accuracy not be correctly established in the absence of precision?
(5) Distinguish precision of a result and precision of a method.
(6) Distinguish accuracy of a result and accuracy of a method.
(7) Comment on the different connotations of analytical uncertainty and its
relationships to other analytical aspects.
(8) Same, with regard to analytical trueness.
(9) Relate uncertainty, precision, accuracy and trueness.
(10) Why are both capital analytical properties indispensable with a view to
characterizing analytical results? Give several practical examples.
(11) Discuss the different connotations of accuracy of a method.
(12) Describe the term "uncertainty of an individual result".
(13) Can accuracy be achieved if only systematic errors are considered? Why?
(14) Comment on the different connotations of the definition of precision.
(15) Distinguish repeatability and reproducibility.
(16) Discuss the different types of errors encountered in Analytical Chemistry
according to source. Use all the adjectives that describe them.
(17) How many types of systematic errors are there?
(18) Why are accuracy and representativeness deemed capital properties?
(19) Comment on the word "independent" in the definitions of repeatability and
reproducibility.
(20) Why if the analytical results are consistent with a given industrial information demand will they also be representative of the analytical problem, the
object and the samples received by the laboratory?
(21) Comment on the direct and inverse relationships among precision,
dispersion and uncertainty.
(22) Comment on the rigour of the different uses of the word "trueness" in
Analytical Chemistry.
(23) Relate accuracy and trueness.
(24) Use a graphical example to relate the definitions of sensitivity (/).s//).C) and
the ability to discriminate between similar analyte concentrations.
(25) In what way are the limits of detection, quantitation and decision related to
sensitivity (/).s/ /).C) ?
(26) Why is statistics required to define sensitivity?
(27) What are the upper and lower limits of the dynamic and linear ranges of the
calibration curve?
(28) In what way is uncertainty related to the maximum tolerated ratio used to
define selectivity?
(29) Can sensitivity be used to define selectivity? When? How?
(30) Discuss selectivity in the multidetermination of analytes in the same sample.