500
-, total oxidized (TON) 398-400
-, concentration 399
NMR 140,301
-, \3C 140,301
_, 17 0 301
NOAA see National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
non-sea salt sulphate aerosol (nss-SO~-) 36,45,
47-52,54-57,61,75-76
North Africa 64-67,69,71,73-74
North America 41,45,63-64,66,70,426
North Atlantic Ocean (NAO) 17,41-42,45,47-49,
55,61-64,66,71,73,75, 127,132,134,138,437
North Pacific 17,50,63-64,66-67,70-72,132,
134, 215
North Sea 318, 328, 395-397, 399, 401
Northern Hemisphere 45,47,52,54,65,74-75
norvaline 473-474
Norway 328
NOx 58-60, 62-63, 73
-, anthropogenic emission 63
-, concentration 59
-, cycle 59
-, emissions 61
NOy 58-59, 63
-, deposition rate 63
-, global budget 59
nss-SO~- see non-sea salt sulphate aerosol
NTA 194
Nucella lapillus 310-311
Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) 297-298
nucleation 35,51, 57
nuclei, transient 38
nucleus 36,38, 40, 51, 368
nutrient 14, 18, 58, 62-63, 73, 95, 99, 106, 117,
169,170,221,386,388,390,394-395,398,400,
445-450,469-470,474
-, cycle 63
-, determination 386
-, inorganic 469
-, limiting 117,395, 398
-, nitrogen 62, 73
-, recycling 63
o
o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) 473
OC see organic carbon
Occam's razor 270
OCCD see organic carbon compensation depth
ocean 3-4,15,18,29,35-37,41-43,45-46,48-49,
52-55,57-59,61,64-67,70-74,76,83,85,
90-91, 94-95, 132, 388, 390, 392, 433, 469
-, floor 117
-, nutrient cycle 63
oceanography 6, 32, 329, 401, 455
octahydroisorenieratene 431-432
OECD see Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
oestradiol 309-310,312-313,315-316,410-411
-, ethynyl derivative 309
oestrogen 309-310, 403, 410
Index
-, diethylstilboestrol (DES) 309
-, eco- 310
-, hormone 313
-, receptor, human (hER) 410
oestrogen receptor-mediated, chemical-activated luciferase reporter gene-expression
bioassay (ER-CALUX) 410
OH 3,9,52,54-55,57,59,87,91-92,96-99,101,
170,193-194,196-197,199-200,202,204,207,
213-215, 217, 222, 225-226, 246, 248, 250, 302
-,OH- 193-194,200,202,204,207,213-215,217
-, radical 87, 92, 101
oil 94, 313, 333, 369, 375, 429
oligonucleotide 415
oligotrophic 63, 91, 135, 238, 391, 470
-, lake 238
oocyte 313,315-316
-, maturation 313
OPA see o-phthaldialdehyde
opal 142
opaline silica 142
operon 411
orcein 353
Oreochromis nilotica 373
organ 351,369,371-372,403
organelles 367
organic carbon (OC) 74,94-95,105-116,118-120,
125-127,140-141,147-153,155-160,179,
424-428,437-440,469,471-473,475,47h480
-, compensation depth (OCCD) 120,121
-, concentration 154
-, degradation 113
-, depletion 113
-, global cycle 105
-, marine 120, 426
-, preservation 108, 148
-, rate 109,119
-, terrigenous 425, 427
-, total (TOC) 74,127,159-160,438,477
organic matter 106, 116, 170
-, concentration 94
-, degradation 113,158
-, bacteria 147
-, diagenesis 147
-, control 148
-, dissolved (DOM) 84-85, 88, 92, 94-95, 99,
469-472,475,480,482
-, particulate (POM) 94-95, 106, 125, 130,
135, 147, 221, 469
-, remineralization 148
-, sedimentary, preservation 105
-, sorption to mineral surfaces 149
-, sources 469
organics 35,50,74,212-214,466
organism 52, 54, 73, 92, 94-95, 107, 125, 135,
138-139,147,165,168,181,193,226,238,296,
312,315,338,340,347-348,353,390,394,403,
409, 412, 423-425, 441, 455, 459, 474
-, marine 52, 94, 135, 193, 238,312,338, 455
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) 297-298
organoarsenic 337-338, 349
-, total oxidized (TON) 398-400
-, concentration 399
NMR 140,301
-, \3C 140,301
_, 17 0 301
NOAA see National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
non-sea salt sulphate aerosol (nss-SO~-) 36,45,
47-52,54-57,61,75-76
North Africa 64-67,69,71,73-74
North America 41,45,63-64,66,70,426
North Atlantic Ocean (NAO) 17,41-42,45,47-49,
55,61-64,66,71,73,75, 127,132,134,138,437
North Pacific 17,50,63-64,66-67,70-72,132,
134, 215
North Sea 318, 328, 395-397, 399, 401
Northern Hemisphere 45,47,52,54,65,74-75
norvaline 473-474
Norway 328
NOx 58-60, 62-63, 73
-, anthropogenic emission 63
-, concentration 59
-, cycle 59
-, emissions 61
NOy 58-59, 63
-, deposition rate 63
-, global budget 59
nss-SO~- see non-sea salt sulphate aerosol
NTA 194
Nucella lapillus 310-311
Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) 297-298
nucleation 35,51, 57
nuclei, transient 38
nucleus 36,38, 40, 51, 368
nutrient 14, 18, 58, 62-63, 73, 95, 99, 106, 117,
169,170,221,386,388,390,394-395,398,400,
445-450,469-470,474
-, cycle 63
-, determination 386
-, inorganic 469
-, limiting 117,395, 398
-, nitrogen 62, 73
-, recycling 63
o
o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) 473
OC see organic carbon
Occam's razor 270
OCCD see organic carbon compensation depth
ocean 3-4,15,18,29,35-37,41-43,45-46,48-49,
52-55,57-59,61,64-67,70-74,76,83,85,
90-91, 94-95, 132, 388, 390, 392, 433, 469
-, floor 117
-, nutrient cycle 63
oceanography 6, 32, 329, 401, 455
octahydroisorenieratene 431-432
OECD see Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
oestradiol 309-310,312-313,315-316,410-411
-, ethynyl derivative 309
oestrogen 309-310, 403, 410
Index
-, diethylstilboestrol (DES) 309
-, eco- 310
-, hormone 313
-, receptor, human (hER) 410
oestrogen receptor-mediated, chemical-activated luciferase reporter gene-expression
bioassay (ER-CALUX) 410
OH 3,9,52,54-55,57,59,87,91-92,96-99,101,
170,193-194,196-197,199-200,202,204,207,
213-215, 217, 222, 225-226, 246, 248, 250, 302
-,OH- 193-194,200,202,204,207,213-215,217
-, radical 87, 92, 101
oil 94, 313, 333, 369, 375, 429
oligonucleotide 415
oligotrophic 63, 91, 135, 238, 391, 470
-, lake 238
oocyte 313,315-316
-, maturation 313
OPA see o-phthaldialdehyde
opal 142
opaline silica 142
operon 411
orcein 353
Oreochromis nilotica 373
organ 351,369,371-372,403
organelles 367
organic carbon (OC) 74,94-95,105-116,118-120,
125-127,140-141,147-153,155-160,179,
424-428,437-440,469,471-473,475,47h480
-, compensation depth (OCCD) 120,121
-, concentration 154
-, degradation 113
-, depletion 113
-, global cycle 105
-, marine 120, 426
-, preservation 108, 148
-, rate 109,119
-, terrigenous 425, 427
-, total (TOC) 74,127,159-160,438,477
organic matter 106, 116, 170
-, concentration 94
-, degradation 113,158
-, bacteria 147
-, diagenesis 147
-, control 148
-, dissolved (DOM) 84-85, 88, 92, 94-95, 99,
469-472,475,480,482
-, particulate (POM) 94-95, 106, 125, 130,
135, 147, 221, 469
-, remineralization 148
-, sedimentary, preservation 105
-, sorption to mineral surfaces 149
-, sources 469
organics 35,50,74,212-214,466
organism 52, 54, 73, 92, 94-95, 107, 125, 135,
138-139,147,165,168,181,193,226,238,296,
312,315,338,340,347-348,353,390,394,403,
409, 412, 423-425, 441, 455, 459, 474
-, marine 52, 94, 135, 193, 238,312,338, 455
Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development (OECD) 297-298
organoarsenic 337-338, 349