Index
anion 3,7,9,12,14,23-24,26-27,88,91-92,195,
200-203, 215, 217, 223, 226-227, 230, 233,
235-236,248-250,267-270,288-289,393
anoxia 105, 149, 429, 432, 474-475
anoxic 8,107-109, lll-l12, 120, 133, 148, 152-157,
160,165,169,172,174-175,178,429,431-432,
470,474
-, basin 8
-, bottom water 109, 153
-, pore water 165
-, sediment 172, 175, 431, 432
Antarctic 46, 74, 343, 347, 430, 445-446, 448,
450,453
-, bottom water (AABW) 445
-, circumpolar current (ACC) 446
-, krill 347
-, slope front (ASF) 446
Antarctica 56,445-446,448,454
anthracene 93,335
anthropogenic 35-36, 51-53, 58-60, 63, 68,
73-75,391,423,456,460,478
-, aerosol 58, 75
-, emission
-,NHx 63
-,NOx 63
-, particle 35
-, sulphur 52
antibacterial 247
antibody 404, 406-407
antifoulant 312, 379
antifouling 247, 310, 337, 352, 392
-, agent 247,337, 352
-, paint 310, 392
antigen 407
antimony 46
AON see atmospheric organic nitrogen
Aphanius fasciatus 359-360, 362-363
apoptosis 365
Apulia 461
aquaculture 315
Arabian Sea 41, 74, 127
aragonite 172, 175
-, solubility products 172
Arctic 317, 319, 448
-, Ocean 448
-, Sea 319
arginine 139, 474
argon 338
arid 64-66
-, region 64, 66
aridity 65
aromatase 312
aromatics 92
arsenate 337-338, 343, 345, 347
-, inorganic 337,347
arsenic 337, 339, 341, 348
-, accumulation in marine organism 338
-, As(III) 341
-, distribution 341
-, As(V) 341,347
-, distribution 341
-, circulation in marine ecosystem 349
arsenite 343,345, 347
arsenobetaine 337-341,345-348
arsenocholine 340, 342, 345-346, 349
-, phosphatidyl 349
arsenolipid 351
arsenosugar 339,347-349,351
-, phosphatidyl 349
487
artificial sea water (SSWE) 207,2ll-223,
225-226, 228, 230-233, 235-237, 239-240, 242,
248-249,255-258,291
aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) 4ll
Ascophyllum nodosum 341
ASF see Antarctic slope front
Asia 41-42,45,50,61,65-66,70,72
-, Central 65
asn see asparagine
asp see aspartic acid
asparagine (asn) 473-474
aspartic acid (asp) 135,139,239,241,473-474
Aspergillus flavus 418
assimilation 72, 95, 238, 424
Atlantic 17-18,41-42,44-45,47-49,55,61-64,
66,71-73,75,127,132,134,138,391-392,
394-395,436,438,447
-, tropical 41
atmosphere 35-40, 44, 49, 52-55, 57-59, 62-63,
65,72-74,84,91-92,94,96,106, ll6-ll8, 126,
221, 325, 439, 445, 447, 469
-, marine
-, ammonium 61
-, nitrate 61
-, mineral dust 64
-, oxygen concentration 108
-, pollution 40
-, radiative balance 40
atmospheric 8, 36-37, 39, 41, 45, 52-55, 58-59,
62-63,71,84,91-92,105,107-108, ll4, ll6-121,
130,148,328,388-391,394,423-424,437-438
-, chemistry, DMS 54
-, nitrogen 39
-, O2 105
-, regulation 105
-, organic nitrogen (AON) 62
-, sulphur cycle 54
-, transport 63, 130, 328
atmospheric organic nitrogen (AON), source 62
atom 54,88,96,239,247,301-302,337
ATP 367-368
atrazine 406
-, detection 406
attenuation 84-85, 88, 132
-, spectral properties of water 84
Aurelia aurita 347, 350
Australia 65-66, 74, 312, 427-428
autoxidation 92
availability 63,73,95,98, 1l0, ll4, 135, 149, 153,
166,239,412,419,455-456,460,466
-, toxic metal 166
AVHRR see advanced very high resolution
radiometer
anion 3,7,9,12,14,23-24,26-27,88,91-92,195,
200-203, 215, 217, 223, 226-227, 230, 233,
235-236,248-250,267-270,288-289,393
anoxia 105, 149, 429, 432, 474-475
anoxic 8,107-109, lll-l12, 120, 133, 148, 152-157,
160,165,169,172,174-175,178,429,431-432,
470,474
-, basin 8
-, bottom water 109, 153
-, pore water 165
-, sediment 172, 175, 431, 432
Antarctic 46, 74, 343, 347, 430, 445-446, 448,
450,453
-, bottom water (AABW) 445
-, circumpolar current (ACC) 446
-, krill 347
-, slope front (ASF) 446
Antarctica 56,445-446,448,454
anthracene 93,335
anthropogenic 35-36, 51-53, 58-60, 63, 68,
73-75,391,423,456,460,478
-, aerosol 58, 75
-, emission
-,NHx 63
-,NOx 63
-, particle 35
-, sulphur 52
antibacterial 247
antibody 404, 406-407
antifoulant 312, 379
antifouling 247, 310, 337, 352, 392
-, agent 247,337, 352
-, paint 310, 392
antigen 407
antimony 46
AON see atmospheric organic nitrogen
Aphanius fasciatus 359-360, 362-363
apoptosis 365
Apulia 461
aquaculture 315
Arabian Sea 41, 74, 127
aragonite 172, 175
-, solubility products 172
Arctic 317, 319, 448
-, Ocean 448
-, Sea 319
arginine 139, 474
argon 338
arid 64-66
-, region 64, 66
aridity 65
aromatase 312
aromatics 92
arsenate 337-338, 343, 345, 347
-, inorganic 337,347
arsenic 337, 339, 341, 348
-, accumulation in marine organism 338
-, As(III) 341
-, distribution 341
-, As(V) 341,347
-, distribution 341
-, circulation in marine ecosystem 349
arsenite 343,345, 347
arsenobetaine 337-341,345-348
arsenocholine 340, 342, 345-346, 349
-, phosphatidyl 349
arsenolipid 351
arsenosugar 339,347-349,351
-, phosphatidyl 349
487
artificial sea water (SSWE) 207,2ll-223,
225-226, 228, 230-233, 235-237, 239-240, 242,
248-249,255-258,291
aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) 4ll
Ascophyllum nodosum 341
ASF see Antarctic slope front
Asia 41-42,45,50,61,65-66,70,72
-, Central 65
asn see asparagine
asp see aspartic acid
asparagine (asn) 473-474
aspartic acid (asp) 135,139,239,241,473-474
Aspergillus flavus 418
assimilation 72, 95, 238, 424
Atlantic 17-18,41-42,44-45,47-49,55,61-64,
66,71-73,75,127,132,134,138,391-392,
394-395,436,438,447
-, tropical 41
atmosphere 35-40, 44, 49, 52-55, 57-59, 62-63,
65,72-74,84,91-92,94,96,106, ll6-ll8, 126,
221, 325, 439, 445, 447, 469
-, marine
-, ammonium 61
-, nitrate 61
-, mineral dust 64
-, oxygen concentration 108
-, pollution 40
-, radiative balance 40
atmospheric 8, 36-37, 39, 41, 45, 52-55, 58-59,
62-63,71,84,91-92,105,107-108, ll4, ll6-121,
130,148,328,388-391,394,423-424,437-438
-, chemistry, DMS 54
-, nitrogen 39
-, O2 105
-, regulation 105
-, organic nitrogen (AON) 62
-, sulphur cycle 54
-, transport 63, 130, 328
atmospheric organic nitrogen (AON), source 62
atom 54,88,96,239,247,301-302,337
ATP 367-368
atrazine 406
-, detection 406
attenuation 84-85, 88, 132
-, spectral properties of water 84
Aurelia aurita 347, 350
Australia 65-66, 74, 312, 427-428
autoxidation 92
availability 63,73,95,98, 1l0, ll4, 135, 149, 153,
166,239,412,419,455-456,460,466
-, toxic metal 166
AVHRR see advanced very high resolution
radiometer