486
advection 61, 107
aerobic 107,155,157,342
-, decomposition 157
aerosol 9,35-53,56-59,61-66,68,71-72,74-76,
83,95-96,100,328,388
-, anthropogenic 58, 75
-, chemical properties 35
-, composition 45
-, concentration 41, 45-47, 51, 61
-, cycle 39, 41, 59
-, equivalent optical thickness (EAOT)
41-43,66
-, global distribution 41
-, mass 37, 45, 50, 74, 76
-, nitrogen, organic 62
-, non-sea salt sulphate (nss-Soi-) 36, 45,
47-52, 54-5h 61,75-76
-, organic 74-75
-, physical characteristics 37
-, physical properties 35
-, pollution 46-47
-, primary 37
-, radiative properties 35
-, sea salt 9, 36, 45, 49-52, 57, 95-96
-, concentration 50
-, size distribution 50
-, secondary 38
-, spatial variability 35
-, submicrometre, concentration 51
-, temporal variability 35,47
aflatoxin 418, 420
Africa 41-42,44,63-69,71-73,110,391,439
-, deposition 72
-,dust 41-42,66,68-69,72-73
-, rare-earth element (REE) 72
-, southern 41, 44, 65-66
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) 316
afterburner 119
age dating 178
aggregate 95, 142, 150, 470-471, 474-475,
479-480
-, macro 471, 475, 480, 482
aggregation 147, 480
agriculture 247,316,337, 352
agrochemical 352
AhR see aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Aitken nuclei 38
AI see aluminum
ala see alanine
alanine (ala) 112,136,158,238-239,241,473-474
alcohol 95, 136, 140, 159
aldose 113, 158
algae 84,88,136,140,149,152,337,339,343,345,
347, 395, 433, 469, 474-475
-, bloom 474
-, cell 345,347
-, fatty acid 136
-, macro- 341,347
-, marine 337
-, toxic 474
algaecide 352
alkali
-, ion 300
-, metal 226
alkaline
-, earth ion 300
-, earth metal 226, 396
alkalinity 15-16,171-172,181
alkane 136,333,410,427-428
alkB 410
alkenone 433-435, 437, 439, 440
-, palaeobarometry 439
-, thermometry 434
alkylamine 291
alkylphenol 313
alligator 315
Allorchestes compressa 347
aluminum 46, 68, 72, 129, 138
amalgam 298
Index
America 41, 45, 47, 55-56, 61, 63-66,70, 74, 426
American Samoa 46-47, 55-56, 61
americium 297
amine 62, 92, 233-237, 239, 249, 257, 292-293
amino acid 62,95,112,128,132-137,139-140,156,
158, 195, 226, 238-239, 258-259, 293, 471,
473-474, 482
-, acidic 138
-, dissolved free (DFAA) 471,473, 482
-, flux 132
-, hydrolysable combined (HAA) 238
-, sediment 158
-, total dissolved (TDAA) 471,473,482
-, tritiated 194
amino sugar 133
amino dextran 406
aminogroup 234, 236, 239
ammonia 53, 59-60, 62, 90, 170, 238, 386, 398, 447
ammonium 36, 53, 58-64, 76, 204, 395, 449, 464,
473
-, atmospheric cycle 58
-, concentration in marine atmosphere 61
amoxicillin 360, 362
amphibian 315-316
amphipod 347
Anadara broughtonii 339
anaerobes 431
anaerobic 96,107,155,157,432
-, decomposition 157
-, microbial degradation 107
analyte 385-388,393,400,404,407-408,411-412,
415,417
anaphase 357-358, 369-370
anchovy 128
-, vertical migration 128
Ancona 458,460,462-463
androgen 316, 318
-, excretion 318
Angola 439-440
-, Basin 439-440
Ani/oCTa physodes 357-358
animal 60, 138, 239, 313, 316, 318, 337, 347, 371
-, marine 337,347
advection 61, 107
aerobic 107,155,157,342
-, decomposition 157
aerosol 9,35-53,56-59,61-66,68,71-72,74-76,
83,95-96,100,328,388
-, anthropogenic 58, 75
-, chemical properties 35
-, composition 45
-, concentration 41, 45-47, 51, 61
-, cycle 39, 41, 59
-, equivalent optical thickness (EAOT)
41-43,66
-, global distribution 41
-, mass 37, 45, 50, 74, 76
-, nitrogen, organic 62
-, non-sea salt sulphate (nss-Soi-) 36, 45,
47-52, 54-5h 61,75-76
-, organic 74-75
-, physical characteristics 37
-, physical properties 35
-, pollution 46-47
-, primary 37
-, radiative properties 35
-, sea salt 9, 36, 45, 49-52, 57, 95-96
-, concentration 50
-, size distribution 50
-, secondary 38
-, spatial variability 35
-, submicrometre, concentration 51
-, temporal variability 35,47
aflatoxin 418, 420
Africa 41-42,44,63-69,71-73,110,391,439
-, deposition 72
-,dust 41-42,66,68-69,72-73
-, rare-earth element (REE) 72
-, southern 41, 44, 65-66
African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) 316
afterburner 119
age dating 178
aggregate 95, 142, 150, 470-471, 474-475,
479-480
-, macro 471, 475, 480, 482
aggregation 147, 480
agriculture 247,316,337, 352
agrochemical 352
AhR see aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Aitken nuclei 38
AI see aluminum
ala see alanine
alanine (ala) 112,136,158,238-239,241,473-474
alcohol 95, 136, 140, 159
aldose 113, 158
algae 84,88,136,140,149,152,337,339,343,345,
347, 395, 433, 469, 474-475
-, bloom 474
-, cell 345,347
-, fatty acid 136
-, macro- 341,347
-, marine 337
-, toxic 474
algaecide 352
alkali
-, ion 300
-, metal 226
alkaline
-, earth ion 300
-, earth metal 226, 396
alkalinity 15-16,171-172,181
alkane 136,333,410,427-428
alkB 410
alkenone 433-435, 437, 439, 440
-, palaeobarometry 439
-, thermometry 434
alkylamine 291
alkylphenol 313
alligator 315
Allorchestes compressa 347
aluminum 46, 68, 72, 129, 138
amalgam 298
Index
America 41, 45, 47, 55-56, 61, 63-66,70, 74, 426
American Samoa 46-47, 55-56, 61
americium 297
amine 62, 92, 233-237, 239, 249, 257, 292-293
amino acid 62,95,112,128,132-137,139-140,156,
158, 195, 226, 238-239, 258-259, 293, 471,
473-474, 482
-, acidic 138
-, dissolved free (DFAA) 471,473, 482
-, flux 132
-, hydrolysable combined (HAA) 238
-, sediment 158
-, total dissolved (TDAA) 471,473,482
-, tritiated 194
amino sugar 133
amino dextran 406
aminogroup 234, 236, 239
ammonia 53, 59-60, 62, 90, 170, 238, 386, 398, 447
ammonium 36, 53, 58-64, 76, 204, 395, 449, 464,
473
-, atmospheric cycle 58
-, concentration in marine atmosphere 61
amoxicillin 360, 362
amphibian 315-316
amphipod 347
Anadara broughtonii 339
anaerobes 431
anaerobic 96,107,155,157,432
-, decomposition 157
-, microbial degradation 107
analyte 385-388,393,400,404,407-408,411-412,
415,417
anaphase 357-358, 369-370
anchovy 128
-, vertical migration 128
Ancona 458,460,462-463
androgen 316, 318
-, excretion 318
Angola 439-440
-, Basin 439-440
Ani/oCTa physodes 357-358
animal 60, 138, 239, 313, 316, 318, 337, 347, 371
-, marine 337,347