CHAPTER 9 . Binding Ability of Inorganic Major Components of Sea Water
223
Table 9.2. Recipes for artificial sea water by different authors (S = 35; t = 25°C)
Component
Composition (mol kg -1)
(a)
(b)
(e)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Na +
0.48527 0.4752
0.48532 0.49152 0.49528 0.4822
0.48617 0.4822
0.46893
Mg2+
0.05529 0.0540
0.05522 0.05504 0.05595 0.05489 0.05475 0.05459 0.05282
Ca 2 +
0.01049 0.0104
0.01071 0.01074 0.01036 0.01063 0.01065 0.01063 0.01028
K+
0.D1013 0.0100
0.01026
0.01062 0.D1 058 0.01062 0.01021
5r 2 +
0.00016
0.00009
0.00009 -
0.00009
CI
0.56572 0.5543
0.56579 0.56478 0.56988 0.5622
0.56825 0.5657
0.56725
Br
0.00082
0.00086
0.00087
0.00084
50~0.02914 0.0284
0.02925 0.02915 0.02901 0.02906 0.02927 0.02906 0.02824
F
0.00007
0.00005
0.00007
0.00007
HCO;
0.00241 0.00238 0.00241
0.00213
0.00205
CO~0.00024 -
0.00017
B(OH))
0.00046 -
0.00044 -
0.00041
(a) Lyman and Fleming (1940); (b) Garrels and Thompson (1962); (e) Kester and Pytkowicz (1967); (d) Culberson et al. (1970);
(e) Hansson (1972); (f) Pytkowicz and Hawley (1974); (g) Dickson and Riley (1979); (h) Johnson and Pytkowicz (1979);
(i) Millero (1996).
Table 9.3. Composition of the
six components artificial sea
water at S= 35 and t= 25°C
Component
C(molr 1 )
NaCI
0.4221 (0.42740)a
Na 2 S0 4
0.0288 (0.02919)
KCI
0.011
(0.01112)
CaCI 2
0.0111 (0.01121)
MgCI 2
0.0548 (0.05552)
I
0.717
(0.726)
BA
0.5751 (0.58240)
a In parentheses the concentrations for 5 = 35 are expressed in
mol kg-1; molalities at other salinities can be calculated by the
equation: ms = m)5 27.565725 1(1000 -1.0057145)
In order to simplify the study of anion and cation interactions, it is useful to consider
the major inorganic components of sea water as a single salt BA, whose cation Band
anion A are representative of all major cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg 2 +) and anions
(Cr and SO~-), respectively. The concentration of the single salt BA (see Table 9.3) was
calculated as a mean ionic concentration, and the resulting ionic charge was ±1.117 (De
Stefano et al. 1998). The use of the single salt approximation allows us to considerably
reduce the number of internal interactions between the components of the ionic medium and simplifies the calculations used to define the chemical model for SSWE.
223
Table 9.2. Recipes for artificial sea water by different authors (S = 35; t = 25°C)
Component
Composition (mol kg -1)
(a)
(b)
(e)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Na +
0.48527 0.4752
0.48532 0.49152 0.49528 0.4822
0.48617 0.4822
0.46893
Mg2+
0.05529 0.0540
0.05522 0.05504 0.05595 0.05489 0.05475 0.05459 0.05282
Ca 2 +
0.01049 0.0104
0.01071 0.01074 0.01036 0.01063 0.01065 0.01063 0.01028
K+
0.D1013 0.0100
0.01026
0.01062 0.D1 058 0.01062 0.01021
5r 2 +
0.00016
0.00009
0.00009 -
0.00009
CI
0.56572 0.5543
0.56579 0.56478 0.56988 0.5622
0.56825 0.5657
0.56725
Br
0.00082
0.00086
0.00087
0.00084
50~0.02914 0.0284
0.02925 0.02915 0.02901 0.02906 0.02927 0.02906 0.02824
F
0.00007
0.00005
0.00007
0.00007
HCO;
0.00241 0.00238 0.00241
0.00213
0.00205
CO~0.00024 -
0.00017
B(OH))
0.00046 -
0.00044 -
0.00041
(a) Lyman and Fleming (1940); (b) Garrels and Thompson (1962); (e) Kester and Pytkowicz (1967); (d) Culberson et al. (1970);
(e) Hansson (1972); (f) Pytkowicz and Hawley (1974); (g) Dickson and Riley (1979); (h) Johnson and Pytkowicz (1979);
(i) Millero (1996).
Table 9.3. Composition of the
six components artificial sea
water at S= 35 and t= 25°C
Component
C(molr 1 )
NaCI
0.4221 (0.42740)a
Na 2 S0 4
0.0288 (0.02919)
KCI
0.011
(0.01112)
CaCI 2
0.0111 (0.01121)
MgCI 2
0.0548 (0.05552)
I
0.717
(0.726)
BA
0.5751 (0.58240)
a In parentheses the concentrations for 5 = 35 are expressed in
mol kg-1; molalities at other salinities can be calculated by the
equation: ms = m)5 27.565725 1(1000 -1.0057145)
In order to simplify the study of anion and cation interactions, it is useful to consider
the major inorganic components of sea water as a single salt BA, whose cation Band
anion A are representative of all major cations (Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg 2 +) and anions
(Cr and SO~-), respectively. The concentration of the single salt BA (see Table 9.3) was
calculated as a mean ionic concentration, and the resulting ionic charge was ±1.117 (De
Stefano et al. 1998). The use of the single salt approximation allows us to considerably
reduce the number of internal interactions between the components of the ionic medium and simplifies the calculations used to define the chemical model for SSWE.