CHAPTER 5 . Particulate Organic Matter Composition and Fluxes in the Sea
Fig. 5.7. Relative amounts of
diagenetic indicators in plankton, sediment traps and sediment from the equatorial Pacific
(Wakeham et al. 1997). Groups
I-IV were categorized initially
solely on the basis of their behaviour in the sample set, but
clearly represent compounds of
similar diagenetic fate. Compounds are: 1: chlorophyll a;
2: 22:6013 polyunsaturated fatty
acid; 3: 20:5013 polyunsaturated
fatty acid; 4: glucose; 5: 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3~
01; 6: pheophorbide a;
7: galactose; 8: oleic acid;
9: cis-vaccenic acid;
10: anteiso-15:0 fatty acid;
11: 24-ethyl-choles-5-en-3~01;
12: bisnorhopane; 13: summed
Cz4+C26+C28+C30 n-fatty acids;
14: summed C37+C38 methyl and
ethyl, di- and tri-unsaturated
alkenones; 15: glycine;
16: squalene
III
IV
~
~
r - - - - l
r - - - - l
100
o I . II il II I t . I I . , " ' I II
II
1234
5678
9101112
13141516
100
O ' . U I I ! !
U I
I I Y
M il a
II
9101112
13141516
100
~
cv
0 ' -111111
"11111
"lin
II pi l i E! !
~
4
5678
9101112
13141516
'"
"C
§ 100
.Ll
1111 ' "
"'1"
" I I p l
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9101112
13141516
100
o
g II
. . . I ' "
II II " "
II I I I I II J
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9101112
13141516
100
o 1 2 3 4
• Pigment
9101112
13141516
Lipid 0 Sugar 0 Amino acid
137
Plankton
105m
trap
l000m
trap
>3500m
trap
0-0.5 em
sediment
10-12em
sediment
ments. Hedges and Keil (1995) developed this idea further and suggested that organic matter
in association with mineral material beyond that equivalent to a monolayer coating was
at least partially protected from decomposition, possibly due to protection from oxygen.
Preservation of certain amino acids and sugars occurs in both siliceous and carbonate tests, as mentioned above. Organic matter is incorporated into silicate and carbonate tests during biological deposition of these minerals. For example, diatom cell
walls contain a protein-silica complex (Hecky et a1.1973), whose preservation is thought
to account for the increase in glycine and serine commonly observed with depth in
marine particles (Siezen and Mague 1978; Lee and Cronin 1984; Muller et al. 1986).
Fig. 5.7. Relative amounts of
diagenetic indicators in plankton, sediment traps and sediment from the equatorial Pacific
(Wakeham et al. 1997). Groups
I-IV were categorized initially
solely on the basis of their behaviour in the sample set, but
clearly represent compounds of
similar diagenetic fate. Compounds are: 1: chlorophyll a;
2: 22:6013 polyunsaturated fatty
acid; 3: 20:5013 polyunsaturated
fatty acid; 4: glucose; 5: 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3~
01; 6: pheophorbide a;
7: galactose; 8: oleic acid;
9: cis-vaccenic acid;
10: anteiso-15:0 fatty acid;
11: 24-ethyl-choles-5-en-3~01;
12: bisnorhopane; 13: summed
Cz4+C26+C28+C30 n-fatty acids;
14: summed C37+C38 methyl and
ethyl, di- and tri-unsaturated
alkenones; 15: glycine;
16: squalene
III
IV
~
~
r - - - - l
r - - - - l
100
o I . II il II I t . I I . , " ' I II
II
1234
5678
9101112
13141516
100
O ' . U I I ! !
U I
I I Y
M il a
II
9101112
13141516
100
~
cv
0 ' -111111
"11111
"lin
II pi l i E! !
~
4
5678
9101112
13141516
'"
"C
§ 100
.Ll
1111 ' "
"'1"
" I I p l
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9101112
13141516
100
o
g II
. . . I ' "
II II " "
II I I I I II J
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9101112
13141516
100
o 1 2 3 4
• Pigment
9101112
13141516
Lipid 0 Sugar 0 Amino acid
137
Plankton
105m
trap
l000m
trap
>3500m
trap
0-0.5 em
sediment
10-12em
sediment
ments. Hedges and Keil (1995) developed this idea further and suggested that organic matter
in association with mineral material beyond that equivalent to a monolayer coating was
at least partially protected from decomposition, possibly due to protection from oxygen.
Preservation of certain amino acids and sugars occurs in both siliceous and carbonate tests, as mentioned above. Organic matter is incorporated into silicate and carbonate tests during biological deposition of these minerals. For example, diatom cell
walls contain a protein-silica complex (Hecky et a1.1973), whose preservation is thought
to account for the increase in glycine and serine commonly observed with depth in
marine particles (Siezen and Mague 1978; Lee and Cronin 1984; Muller et al. 1986).