0
0
5 0
0
5 0
0
5 0
0
5 0
0
5 0
0
5 0
0
% Time at depth
50
500
1000
1500
Ziphius
16
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f )
(g)
16
14
12
Physeter
18
18
20
20
22
22
24
24
2
4
2
5
3
1
23
21
19
Globicephala
Phocoena
Mirounga
Zalophus
Arctocephalus
Depth (m)
17
15
10
6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
4
2
24
22
20
Time (h)
18
16
14
12
8
1 0
1 2
1 4
1 6
1 8
2 0
2 2
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
4
6
0
500
1000
1500
0
500
1000
1500
0
500
1000
1500
0
500
1000
1500
0
500
1000
1500
0
500
1000
1500
Figure 4.1 Dive traces (left) and frequency histograms (right) showing time at depth (in 50 m depth
intervals) for various marine mammal species. Dive traces are plotted to identical scales: 1500 m
depth over a 16 h time period, to illustrate the differences in the use of depth and patterns of diving
between species. (a) Cuvier’s beaked whale (Ziphiidae); Mediterranean, September 2003; (b) sperm
whale (Physeteridae), Azores, August 2010; (c) short-finned pilot whale (Delphinidae), Canary
Islands, October 2004; (d) harbor porpoise (Phocoenidae), Jutland Peninsula, Denmark, October
2012; (e) northern elephant seal (Phocidae), eastern Pacific, March 2014; (f) California sea lion
(Otariidae), San Nicholas Island, California, November 2006; and (g) Antarctic fur seal (Otariidae),
South Georgia, December 2001. (Data courtesy of (a) M. Johnson, (b) C. Oliveira, (c) N. Aguilar and
M. Johnson, (d) D. Wisniewska (e) D. Costa, (f) D. Costa, (g) S. Hooker.)