306
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Gulland, F.M.D., J.G. Trupkiewicz, T.R. Spraker, and L.J. Lowenstine. 1996. Metastatic carcinoma of
probable transitional cell origin in 6 free-living California sea lions (Zalophus californianus),
1979 to 1994. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32(2): 250–258.
Gubbay, S. and R. Earll. 2000. Review of literature on the effects of oil spills on cetaceans. Scottish
Natural Heritage Review No. 3. Scottish Natural Heritage, Publications Section Advisory
Services, Edinburgh, UK.
Hall, A.J., R.J. Law, D.E. Wells, J. Harwood, H.M. Ross, S. Kennedy, C.R. Allchin, L.A. Campbell,
and P.P. Pomeroy. 1992. Organochlorine levels in common seals (Phoca vitulina) which were
victims and survivors of the 1988 phocine distemper epizootic. Science of the Total Environment
115: 145–162.
Haynes, F. and A.H. Laurie. 1937. On the Histological Structure of Cetacean Lungs. University Press,
Cambridge, UK.
Hicks, B.D., D.J.S. Aubin, J.R. Geraci, and W.R. Brown. 1985. Epidermal growth in the bottlenose
dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 85(1): 60–63.
Johnson, S.P., S. Jang, F.M.D. Gulland, M.A. Miller, D.R. Casper, J. Lawrence, and J. Herrera. 2003.
Characterization and clinical manifestations of Arcanobacterium phocae infections in marine
mammals stranded along the central California coast. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39(1): 136–144.
Kennedy, S. 1990. A review of the 1988 European seal morbillivirus epizootic. The Veterinary Record
127(23): 563–567.
Lindsay, D.S., K.K. Phelps, S.A. Smith, G. Flick, S.S. Sumner, and J.P. Dubey. 2001. Removal of
Toxoplasma gondii oocysts from seawater by eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Journal of
Eukaryotic Microbiology 48(s1): 197s–198s.
Lipscomb, T.P., F.Y. Schulman, D. Moffett, and S. Kennedy. 1994. Morbilliviral disease in Atlantic
bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the 1987–1988 epizootic. Journal of Wildlife Diseases
30(4): 567–571.
Lloyd-Smith, J.O., D.J. Greig, S. Hietala, G.S. Ghneim, L. Palmer, J. St Leger, B.T. Grenfell, and F.M.D.
Gulland. 2007. Cyclical changes in seroprevalence of leptospirosis in California sea lions:
Endemic and epidemic disease in one host species? BMC Infectious Diseases 7:125.
Lyons, E.T., R.L. DeLong, T.R. Spraker, S.R. Melin, J.L. Laake, and S.C. Tolliver. 2005. Seasonal prevalence and intensity of hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) in California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)
pups born in 2002 on San Miguel Island, California. Parasitology Research 96: 127–132.
Mahy, B.W.J., T. Barrett, S. Evans, E.C. Anderson, and C.J. Bostock. 1988. Characterization of a seal
morbillivirus. Nature 336(6195): 115–116.
Martineau, D., K. Lemberger, A. Dallaire, P. Labelle, T.P. Lipscomb, P. Michel, and I. Mikaelian.
2002. Cancer in wildlife, a case study: Beluga from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada.
Environmental Health Perspectives 110: 285–292.
Miller, M.A., P.A. Conrad, M. Harris, B. Hatfield, G. Langlois, D.A. Jessup, S.L. Magargal et al. 2010.
A protozoal-associated epizootic impacting marine wildlife: Mass-mortality of southern sea
otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) due to Sarcocystis neurona infection. Veterinary Parasitology 172: 183–194.
Olney, J.W., T. Fuller, and T. de Gubareff. 1979. Acute dendrotoxic changes in the hippocampus of
kainite treated rats. Brain Research 176: 91–100.
O’Shea, T.J., G.B. Rathbun, R.K. Bonde, C.D. Bergelt, and D.K. Odell. 1991. An epizootic of Florida
manatees associated with a dinoflagellate bloom. Marine Mammal Science 7(2): 165–179.
Reif, J.S., M.S. Mazzoil, S.D. McCulloch, R.A. Varela, J.D. Goldstein, P.A. Fair, and G.D. Bossart. 2006.
Lobomycosis in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. Journal of
the American Veterinary Medical Association 228(1): 104–108.
Reynolds, J.E. and S.A. Rommel. 1996. Structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract of the
Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris. The Anatomical Record 245: 539–558.
Schwacke, L.H., C.R. Smith, F.I. Townsend, R.S. Wells, L.B. Hart, B.C. Balmer, T.K. Collier et al. 2014.
Health of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Environmental Science and Technology 48: 93–103.
Sekkal, S., N. Haddam, H. Scheers, K.L. Poels, L. Bouhacina, T.S. Nawrot, H.A. Veulemans,
A. Taleb, and B. Nemery. 2012. Occupational exposure to petroleum products and respiratory
health: A cross-sectional study from Algeria. Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine
54(11): 1382–1388.
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Gulland, F.M.D., J.G. Trupkiewicz, T.R. Spraker, and L.J. Lowenstine. 1996. Metastatic carcinoma of
probable transitional cell origin in 6 free-living California sea lions (Zalophus californianus),
1979 to 1994. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 32(2): 250–258.
Gubbay, S. and R. Earll. 2000. Review of literature on the effects of oil spills on cetaceans. Scottish
Natural Heritage Review No. 3. Scottish Natural Heritage, Publications Section Advisory
Services, Edinburgh, UK.
Hall, A.J., R.J. Law, D.E. Wells, J. Harwood, H.M. Ross, S. Kennedy, C.R. Allchin, L.A. Campbell,
and P.P. Pomeroy. 1992. Organochlorine levels in common seals (Phoca vitulina) which were
victims and survivors of the 1988 phocine distemper epizootic. Science of the Total Environment
115: 145–162.
Haynes, F. and A.H. Laurie. 1937. On the Histological Structure of Cetacean Lungs. University Press,
Cambridge, UK.
Hicks, B.D., D.J.S. Aubin, J.R. Geraci, and W.R. Brown. 1985. Epidermal growth in the bottlenose
dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 85(1): 60–63.
Johnson, S.P., S. Jang, F.M.D. Gulland, M.A. Miller, D.R. Casper, J. Lawrence, and J. Herrera. 2003.
Characterization and clinical manifestations of Arcanobacterium phocae infections in marine
mammals stranded along the central California coast. Journal of Wildlife Diseases 39(1): 136–144.
Kennedy, S. 1990. A review of the 1988 European seal morbillivirus epizootic. The Veterinary Record
127(23): 563–567.
Lindsay, D.S., K.K. Phelps, S.A. Smith, G. Flick, S.S. Sumner, and J.P. Dubey. 2001. Removal of
Toxoplasma gondii oocysts from seawater by eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica). Journal of
Eukaryotic Microbiology 48(s1): 197s–198s.
Lipscomb, T.P., F.Y. Schulman, D. Moffett, and S. Kennedy. 1994. Morbilliviral disease in Atlantic
bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the 1987–1988 epizootic. Journal of Wildlife Diseases
30(4): 567–571.
Lloyd-Smith, J.O., D.J. Greig, S. Hietala, G.S. Ghneim, L. Palmer, J. St Leger, B.T. Grenfell, and F.M.D.
Gulland. 2007. Cyclical changes in seroprevalence of leptospirosis in California sea lions:
Endemic and epidemic disease in one host species? BMC Infectious Diseases 7:125.
Lyons, E.T., R.L. DeLong, T.R. Spraker, S.R. Melin, J.L. Laake, and S.C. Tolliver. 2005. Seasonal prevalence and intensity of hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) in California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)
pups born in 2002 on San Miguel Island, California. Parasitology Research 96: 127–132.
Mahy, B.W.J., T. Barrett, S. Evans, E.C. Anderson, and C.J. Bostock. 1988. Characterization of a seal
morbillivirus. Nature 336(6195): 115–116.
Martineau, D., K. Lemberger, A. Dallaire, P. Labelle, T.P. Lipscomb, P. Michel, and I. Mikaelian.
2002. Cancer in wildlife, a case study: Beluga from the St. Lawrence Estuary, Quebec, Canada.
Environmental Health Perspectives 110: 285–292.
Miller, M.A., P.A. Conrad, M. Harris, B. Hatfield, G. Langlois, D.A. Jessup, S.L. Magargal et al. 2010.
A protozoal-associated epizootic impacting marine wildlife: Mass-mortality of southern sea
otters (Enhydra lutris nereis) due to Sarcocystis neurona infection. Veterinary Parasitology 172: 183–194.
Olney, J.W., T. Fuller, and T. de Gubareff. 1979. Acute dendrotoxic changes in the hippocampus of
kainite treated rats. Brain Research 176: 91–100.
O’Shea, T.J., G.B. Rathbun, R.K. Bonde, C.D. Bergelt, and D.K. Odell. 1991. An epizootic of Florida
manatees associated with a dinoflagellate bloom. Marine Mammal Science 7(2): 165–179.
Reif, J.S., M.S. Mazzoil, S.D. McCulloch, R.A. Varela, J.D. Goldstein, P.A. Fair, and G.D. Bossart. 2006.
Lobomycosis in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. Journal of
the American Veterinary Medical Association 228(1): 104–108.
Reynolds, J.E. and S.A. Rommel. 1996. Structure and function of the gastrointestinal tract of the
Florida manatee, Trichechus manatus latirostris. The Anatomical Record 245: 539–558.
Schwacke, L.H., C.R. Smith, F.I. Townsend, R.S. Wells, L.B. Hart, B.C. Balmer, T.K. Collier et al. 2014.
Health of common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Environmental Science and Technology 48: 93–103.
Sekkal, S., N. Haddam, H. Scheers, K.L. Poels, L. Bouhacina, T.S. Nawrot, H.A. Veulemans,
A. Taleb, and B. Nemery. 2012. Occupational exposure to petroleum products and respiratory
health: A cross-sectional study from Algeria. Journal of Occupational Environmental Medicine
54(11): 1382–1388.