305
Chapter thirteen: Disease
Lipophilic: Fat-loving or stored in fat.
Nares: Nostrils.
PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.
Pinniped: A marine mammal of the order Pinnipedia, including seals, sea lions, and
walruses. Derived from Latin meaning fin-footed.
Urogenital carcinoma: A type of cancer affecting California sea lions that originates from
the cervix or penis and affects the genitourinary tracts.
Zoonosis (Zoonotic disease): A disease that can be transmitted between humans and
animals.
References
Abbott, G.M., J.H. Landsberg, A.R. Reich, K.A. Steidinger, S. Ketchen, and C. Blackmore. 2009.
Resource guide for public health response to harmful algal blooms in Florida. Technical
Report TR-14, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Tallahassee, FL, pp. viii+132.
Aguilar, A. and J. A. Raga. 1993. The striped dolphin epizootic in the Mediterranean Sea. Ambio
22(8): 524–528.
Bossart, G.D., D.G. Baden, R.Y. Ewing, B. Roberts, and S.D. Wright. 1998. Brevetoxicosis in manatees
(Trichechus manatus latirostris) from the 1996 epizootic: Gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical features. Toxicologic Pathology 26(2): 276–282.
Bruce-Allen, L.J. and J.R. Geraci. 1985. Wound healing in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42(2): 216–228.
Conrad, P.A., M.A. Miller, C. Kreuder, E.R. James, J. Mazet, H. Dabritz, D.A. Jessup, F. Gulland, and
M.E. Grigg. 2005. Transmission of Toxoplasma: Clues from the study of sea otters as sentinels
of Toxoplasma gondii flow into the marine environment. International Journal for Parasitology
35: 1155–1168.
Cousins, D.V., R. Bastida, A. Cataldi, V. Quse, S. Redrobe, S. Dow, P. Duignan et al. 2003.
Tuberculosis in seals caused by a novel member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: Mycobacterium pinnipedii sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary
Microbiology 53: 1305–1314.
Costa, D.P. and G.L. Kooyman. 1982. Oxygen consumption, thermoregulation, and the effect of fur
oiling and washing on the sea otter, Enhydra lutris. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60(11): 2761–2767.
Dietz, R., F.F. Riget, C. Sonne, E.W. Born, T. Bechshoft, M.A. McKinney, and R.J. Letcher. 2013a. Three
decades (1983–2010) of contaminant trends in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus).
Part 1: Legacy organochlorine contaminants. Environmental International 59: 485–493.
Dietz, R., F.F. Riget, C. Sonne, E.W. Born, T. Bechshoft, M.A. McKinney, and J. Letcher. 2013b. Three
decades (1983–2010) of contaminant trends in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus).
Part 2: Brominated flame retardants. Environmental International 59: 494–500.
Dold, C. 2014. Cetacea (whales, dolphins, porpoises). In R.E. Miller, M.E. Fowler (eds.), Fowler’s Zoo
and Wild Animal Medicine. Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, MO, Vol. 8, pp. 422–436.
Geraci, J.R. and L.J. Bruce-Allen. 1987. Slow process of wound repair in beluga whales, Delphinapterus
leucas. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44(9): 1661–1665.
Goldstein, T., J.A.K. Mazet, V.A. Gill, A.M. Doroff, K.A. Burek, and J.A. Hammond. 2009. Phocine
distemper virus in northern sea otters in the Pacific Ocean, Alaska, USA. Emerging Infectious
Diseases 15(6): 925–927.
Goldstein, T., J.A.K. Mazet, T.S. Zabka, G. Langlois, K.M. Colegrove, M. Silver, S. Bargu et al. 2008.
Novel symptomatology and changing epidemiology of domoic acid toxicosis in California sea
lions (Zalophus californianus): An increasing risk to marine mammal health. Proceedings of the
Royal Society B 275: 267–276.
Goudappel, J.R. and E.J. Slijper. 1958. Microscopic structure of the lungs of the bottlenose whale.
Nature 182: 479.
Grenfell, B., F. Gulland, and T. Rowles. 2014. Report on RAPID marine mammal morbillivirus workshop. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 11pp.
Chapter thirteen: Disease
Lipophilic: Fat-loving or stored in fat.
Nares: Nostrils.
PCR: Polymerase chain reaction.
Pinniped: A marine mammal of the order Pinnipedia, including seals, sea lions, and
walruses. Derived from Latin meaning fin-footed.
Urogenital carcinoma: A type of cancer affecting California sea lions that originates from
the cervix or penis and affects the genitourinary tracts.
Zoonosis (Zoonotic disease): A disease that can be transmitted between humans and
animals.
References
Abbott, G.M., J.H. Landsberg, A.R. Reich, K.A. Steidinger, S. Ketchen, and C. Blackmore. 2009.
Resource guide for public health response to harmful algal blooms in Florida. Technical
Report TR-14, Fish and Wildlife Research Institute, Tallahassee, FL, pp. viii+132.
Aguilar, A. and J. A. Raga. 1993. The striped dolphin epizootic in the Mediterranean Sea. Ambio
22(8): 524–528.
Bossart, G.D., D.G. Baden, R.Y. Ewing, B. Roberts, and S.D. Wright. 1998. Brevetoxicosis in manatees
(Trichechus manatus latirostris) from the 1996 epizootic: Gross, histologic, and immunohistochemical features. Toxicologic Pathology 26(2): 276–282.
Bruce-Allen, L.J. and J.R. Geraci. 1985. Wound healing in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).
Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42(2): 216–228.
Conrad, P.A., M.A. Miller, C. Kreuder, E.R. James, J. Mazet, H. Dabritz, D.A. Jessup, F. Gulland, and
M.E. Grigg. 2005. Transmission of Toxoplasma: Clues from the study of sea otters as sentinels
of Toxoplasma gondii flow into the marine environment. International Journal for Parasitology
35: 1155–1168.
Cousins, D.V., R. Bastida, A. Cataldi, V. Quse, S. Redrobe, S. Dow, P. Duignan et al. 2003.
Tuberculosis in seals caused by a novel member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex: Mycobacterium pinnipedii sp. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary
Microbiology 53: 1305–1314.
Costa, D.P. and G.L. Kooyman. 1982. Oxygen consumption, thermoregulation, and the effect of fur
oiling and washing on the sea otter, Enhydra lutris. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60(11): 2761–2767.
Dietz, R., F.F. Riget, C. Sonne, E.W. Born, T. Bechshoft, M.A. McKinney, and R.J. Letcher. 2013a. Three
decades (1983–2010) of contaminant trends in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus).
Part 1: Legacy organochlorine contaminants. Environmental International 59: 485–493.
Dietz, R., F.F. Riget, C. Sonne, E.W. Born, T. Bechshoft, M.A. McKinney, and J. Letcher. 2013b. Three
decades (1983–2010) of contaminant trends in East Greenland polar bears (Ursus maritimus).
Part 2: Brominated flame retardants. Environmental International 59: 494–500.
Dold, C. 2014. Cetacea (whales, dolphins, porpoises). In R.E. Miller, M.E. Fowler (eds.), Fowler’s Zoo
and Wild Animal Medicine. Elsevier Saunders, St. Louis, MO, Vol. 8, pp. 422–436.
Geraci, J.R. and L.J. Bruce-Allen. 1987. Slow process of wound repair in beluga whales, Delphinapterus
leucas. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 44(9): 1661–1665.
Goldstein, T., J.A.K. Mazet, V.A. Gill, A.M. Doroff, K.A. Burek, and J.A. Hammond. 2009. Phocine
distemper virus in northern sea otters in the Pacific Ocean, Alaska, USA. Emerging Infectious
Diseases 15(6): 925–927.
Goldstein, T., J.A.K. Mazet, T.S. Zabka, G. Langlois, K.M. Colegrove, M. Silver, S. Bargu et al. 2008.
Novel symptomatology and changing epidemiology of domoic acid toxicosis in California sea
lions (Zalophus californianus): An increasing risk to marine mammal health. Proceedings of the
Royal Society B 275: 267–276.
Goudappel, J.R. and E.J. Slijper. 1958. Microscopic structure of the lungs of the bottlenose whale.
Nature 182: 479.
Grenfell, B., F. Gulland, and T. Rowles. 2014. Report on RAPID marine mammal morbillivirus workshop. Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 11pp.