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Chapter nine: Thermoregulation
Glossary
Adipocytes: Cells that contain fat.
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate. Energy compound for metabolism.
Conduction: Transfer of heat by direct contact between two bodies.
Convection: Wind chill. Heat loss by moving air or water over surface.
Daily Metabolic Rate: Energy cost of an animal over a 24-h period.
Ectothermic: Cold blooded animal where body temperature depends on environment.
Endothermic: Warm blooded animal where body heat is generated internally.
Fick equation: Defines variables that determine heat transfer between two bodies.
Heat capacity: Heat energy required to raise 1 g of material by 1°C.
Heterothermic: Animals with a variable body temperature.
Homeostasis: Constancy of metabolism.
Homeothermic: Animals with a constant body temperature.
Hyperthermia: Body temperatures high above normal.
Lanugo: Pup fur. Very fine and good insulation in air. Poor in water.
Lipophilic: Compounds that dissolve easily in lipids.
Organo-chlorines: Organic compounds containing chlorine. Common contaminants.
Pagophilic: Ice loving. Animals that live closely associated with ice.
Radiation: Heat transfer through electromagnetic radiation.
Specific dynamic action: Heat release through the process of food digestion.
Thermal conductivity: Description of how well a material will conduct heat energy.
Thermal imaging: Method to visualize surface temperatures.
Thermoregulatory: Referring to ability to control heat loss and gain.
Ultrasound: Use of sound waves to visualize tissue type.
References
Anderson, P.K. 1995. Competition, predation, and the evolution and extinction of Steller’s sea cow,
Hydrodamalis gigas. Marine Mammal Science 11(3):391–394.
Anderson, P.K. and D.P. Domning. 2002. Steller’s sea cow. In: Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, ed.
W.F. Perrin, B. Wursig, and J.G.M. Thewissen. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 1178–1181.
Andrews, R.D. 1998. Remotely releasable instruments for monitoring the foraging behaviour of pinnipeds. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 175:289–294.
Ashley, C. 2014. The Yankee Whaler. Newburyport, MA: Dover Publications.
Bagge, L.E., H.N. Koopman, S.A. Rommel, W.A. McLellan, and D.A. Pabst. 2012. Lipid class and
depth-specific thermal properties in the blubber of the short-finned pilot whale and the pygmy
sperm whale. Journal of Experimental Biology 215(24):4330–4339.
Beenijes, M.P. 2006. Behavioral thermoregulation of the New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri).
Marine Mammal Science 22(2):311–325.
Blix, A.S., H.J. Grav, and K. Ronald. 1979. Some aspects of temperature regulation in newborn harp
seal pups. American Journal of Physiology 236:R188–R197.
Boily, P. 1995. Theoretical heat flux in water and habitat selection of phocid seals and beluga whales
during the annual molt. Journal of Theoretical Biology 172(3):235–244.
Bowen, W.D., O.T. Oftedal, and D.J. Boness. 1985. Birth to weaning in four days: Remarkable growth
in the hooded seal, Cystophora cristata. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:2841–2846.
Boyd, I.L. 2000. Skin temperatures during free-ranging swimming and diving in Antarctic fur seals.
Journal of Experimental Biology 203(12):1907–1914.
Bryden, M.M. 1964. Insulating capacity of the subcutaneous fat of the southern elephant seal. Nature
203:1299–1300.
Bryden, M.M. and M.A. Button. 1977. The structure of sweat glands in the Weddell seal, Leptonychotes
weddelli. Journal of Anatomy 124: 514.
Chapter nine: Thermoregulation
Glossary
Adipocytes: Cells that contain fat.
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate. Energy compound for metabolism.
Conduction: Transfer of heat by direct contact between two bodies.
Convection: Wind chill. Heat loss by moving air or water over surface.
Daily Metabolic Rate: Energy cost of an animal over a 24-h period.
Ectothermic: Cold blooded animal where body temperature depends on environment.
Endothermic: Warm blooded animal where body heat is generated internally.
Fick equation: Defines variables that determine heat transfer between two bodies.
Heat capacity: Heat energy required to raise 1 g of material by 1°C.
Heterothermic: Animals with a variable body temperature.
Homeostasis: Constancy of metabolism.
Homeothermic: Animals with a constant body temperature.
Hyperthermia: Body temperatures high above normal.
Lanugo: Pup fur. Very fine and good insulation in air. Poor in water.
Lipophilic: Compounds that dissolve easily in lipids.
Organo-chlorines: Organic compounds containing chlorine. Common contaminants.
Pagophilic: Ice loving. Animals that live closely associated with ice.
Radiation: Heat transfer through electromagnetic radiation.
Specific dynamic action: Heat release through the process of food digestion.
Thermal conductivity: Description of how well a material will conduct heat energy.
Thermal imaging: Method to visualize surface temperatures.
Thermoregulatory: Referring to ability to control heat loss and gain.
Ultrasound: Use of sound waves to visualize tissue type.
References
Anderson, P.K. 1995. Competition, predation, and the evolution and extinction of Steller’s sea cow,
Hydrodamalis gigas. Marine Mammal Science 11(3):391–394.
Anderson, P.K. and D.P. Domning. 2002. Steller’s sea cow. In: Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals, ed.
W.F. Perrin, B. Wursig, and J.G.M. Thewissen. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, pp. 1178–1181.
Andrews, R.D. 1998. Remotely releasable instruments for monitoring the foraging behaviour of pinnipeds. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 175:289–294.
Ashley, C. 2014. The Yankee Whaler. Newburyport, MA: Dover Publications.
Bagge, L.E., H.N. Koopman, S.A. Rommel, W.A. McLellan, and D.A. Pabst. 2012. Lipid class and
depth-specific thermal properties in the blubber of the short-finned pilot whale and the pygmy
sperm whale. Journal of Experimental Biology 215(24):4330–4339.
Beenijes, M.P. 2006. Behavioral thermoregulation of the New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri).
Marine Mammal Science 22(2):311–325.
Blix, A.S., H.J. Grav, and K. Ronald. 1979. Some aspects of temperature regulation in newborn harp
seal pups. American Journal of Physiology 236:R188–R197.
Boily, P. 1995. Theoretical heat flux in water and habitat selection of phocid seals and beluga whales
during the annual molt. Journal of Theoretical Biology 172(3):235–244.
Bowen, W.D., O.T. Oftedal, and D.J. Boness. 1985. Birth to weaning in four days: Remarkable growth
in the hooded seal, Cystophora cristata. Canadian Journal of Zoology 63:2841–2846.
Boyd, I.L. 2000. Skin temperatures during free-ranging swimming and diving in Antarctic fur seals.
Journal of Experimental Biology 203(12):1907–1914.
Bryden, M.M. 1964. Insulating capacity of the subcutaneous fat of the southern elephant seal. Nature
203:1299–1300.
Bryden, M.M. and M.A. Button. 1977. The structure of sweat glands in the Weddell seal, Leptonychotes
weddelli. Journal of Anatomy 124: 514.