188
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Castellini, M.A. and D.P. Costa. 1990. Relationship between plasma ketones and fasting duration in
neonatal elephant seals. American Journal of Physiology 259(5):R1086–R1089.
Castellini, M.A., D.P. Costa, and A.C. Huntley. 1987. Fatty acid metabolism in fasting elephant seal
pups. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 157(4):445–459.
Castellini, M.A. and L.D. Rea. 1992. The biochemistry of natural fasting at its limits. Experientia
48(6):575–582.
Cherel, Y., J.-P. Robin, and Y. Le Maho. 1988. Physiology and biochemistry of long-term fasting in
birds. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66(1):159–166.
Corkeron, P.J. and R.C. Connor. 1999. Why do baleen whales migrate? Marine Mammal Science
15(4):1228–1245.
Costa, D.P. and C.L. Ortiz. 1982. Blood chemistry homeostasis during prolonged fasts in the northern elephant seal. American Journal of Physiology 242(5):R591–R595.
Crocker, D.E., D.S. Houser, and P.M. Webb. 2012. Impact of body reserves on energy expenditure,
water flux, and mating success in breeding male northern elephant seals. Physiological and
Biochemical Zoology 85(1):11–20.
Crocker, D.E., R.M. Ortiz, D.S. Houser, P.M. Webb, and D.P. Costa. 2012. Hormone and metabolite
changes associated with extended breeding fasts in male northern elephant seals (Mirounga
angustirostris). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 161(4):388–394.
De Bruyn, P.J., M.N. Bester, A.R. Carlini, and W.C. Oosthuizen. 2009. How to weigh an elephant seal with
one finger: A simple three-dimensional photogrammetric application. Aquatic Biology 5:31–39.
Durban, J.W. and R.L. Pitman. 2011. Antarctic killer whales make rapid, round-trip movements
to subtropical waters: Evidence for physiological maintenance migrations? Biology Letters
8:274–277. doi: rsbl20110875.
Edney, E.B. 1977. Metabolic water. In Water Balance in Land Arthropods., Vol. 9: Zoophysiology
and Ecology, eds. W.S. Hoar, B. Hoelldobler, H. Langer, and M. Lindauer. Berlin, Germany:
Springer-Verlag.
Fowler, S.L., D.P. Costa, J.P.Y. Arnould, N.J. Gales, and J.M. Burns. 2007. Ontogeny of oxygen stores
and physiological diving capacity in Australian sea lions. Functional Ecology 21(5):922–935.
Georges, J.-Y. and C. Guinet. 2000. Maternal care in the subantarctic fur seals on Amsterdam Island.
Ecology 81(2):295–308.
Guppy, M. and P. Withers. 1999. Metabolic depression in animals: Physiological perspectives and
biochemical generalizations. Biological Review 74(1):1–40.
Henry, C.J., J.P. Rivers, and P.R. Payne. 1988. Protein and energy metabolism in starvation reconsidered. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42(7):543–549.
Horwood, J. 1990. Biology and Exploitation of the Minke Whale. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc.
Houser, D. and D. Costa. 2001. Protein catabolism in suckling and fasting northern elephant seal
pups (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Comparative Physiology B 171(8):635–642.
Houser, D.S. and D. Costa. 2003. Entrance into stage III fasting by starveling northern elephant seal
pups. Marine Mammal Science 19(1):186–197.
Houser, D.S., C.D. Champagne, and D.E. Crocker. 2007. Lipolysis and glycerol gluconeogenesis in
simultaneously fasting and lactating northern elephant seals. American Journal of Physiology—
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293(6):R2376–R2381.
Irving, L. and J.S. Hart. 1957. The metabolism and insulation of seals as bare-skinned mammals in
cold water. Canadian Journal of Zoology 35(4):497–511.
Iverson, S.J., C.E. Sparling, T.M. Williams, S.L.C. Lang, and W.D. Bowen. 2010. Measurement of
individual and population energetics of marine mammals. In Marine Mammal Ecology and
Conservation: A Handbook of Techniques, eds. I.L. Boyd, W.D. Bowen, and S.J. Iverson. Oxford,
UK: Oxford University Press.
Kelso, E.J., C.D. Champagne, M.S. Tift, D.S. Houser, and D.E. Crocker. 2012. Sex differences in fuel
use and metabolism during development in fasting juvenile northern elephant seals. Journal of
Experimental Biology 215(15):2637–2645.
Keys, A., A. Brozek, A. Henschel, O. Micckelsen, and H.L. Taylor. 1950. The Biology of Human
Starvation. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Kleiber, M. 1975. The Fire of Life: An Introduction to Animal Energetics. New York: Robert E. Krieger
Publ. Co.
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Castellini, M.A. and D.P. Costa. 1990. Relationship between plasma ketones and fasting duration in
neonatal elephant seals. American Journal of Physiology 259(5):R1086–R1089.
Castellini, M.A., D.P. Costa, and A.C. Huntley. 1987. Fatty acid metabolism in fasting elephant seal
pups. Journal of Comparative Physiology B 157(4):445–459.
Castellini, M.A. and L.D. Rea. 1992. The biochemistry of natural fasting at its limits. Experientia
48(6):575–582.
Cherel, Y., J.-P. Robin, and Y. Le Maho. 1988. Physiology and biochemistry of long-term fasting in
birds. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66(1):159–166.
Corkeron, P.J. and R.C. Connor. 1999. Why do baleen whales migrate? Marine Mammal Science
15(4):1228–1245.
Costa, D.P. and C.L. Ortiz. 1982. Blood chemistry homeostasis during prolonged fasts in the northern elephant seal. American Journal of Physiology 242(5):R591–R595.
Crocker, D.E., D.S. Houser, and P.M. Webb. 2012. Impact of body reserves on energy expenditure,
water flux, and mating success in breeding male northern elephant seals. Physiological and
Biochemical Zoology 85(1):11–20.
Crocker, D.E., R.M. Ortiz, D.S. Houser, P.M. Webb, and D.P. Costa. 2012. Hormone and metabolite
changes associated with extended breeding fasts in male northern elephant seals (Mirounga
angustirostris). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology A 161(4):388–394.
De Bruyn, P.J., M.N. Bester, A.R. Carlini, and W.C. Oosthuizen. 2009. How to weigh an elephant seal with
one finger: A simple three-dimensional photogrammetric application. Aquatic Biology 5:31–39.
Durban, J.W. and R.L. Pitman. 2011. Antarctic killer whales make rapid, round-trip movements
to subtropical waters: Evidence for physiological maintenance migrations? Biology Letters
8:274–277. doi: rsbl20110875.
Edney, E.B. 1977. Metabolic water. In Water Balance in Land Arthropods., Vol. 9: Zoophysiology
and Ecology, eds. W.S. Hoar, B. Hoelldobler, H. Langer, and M. Lindauer. Berlin, Germany:
Springer-Verlag.
Fowler, S.L., D.P. Costa, J.P.Y. Arnould, N.J. Gales, and J.M. Burns. 2007. Ontogeny of oxygen stores
and physiological diving capacity in Australian sea lions. Functional Ecology 21(5):922–935.
Georges, J.-Y. and C. Guinet. 2000. Maternal care in the subantarctic fur seals on Amsterdam Island.
Ecology 81(2):295–308.
Guppy, M. and P. Withers. 1999. Metabolic depression in animals: Physiological perspectives and
biochemical generalizations. Biological Review 74(1):1–40.
Henry, C.J., J.P. Rivers, and P.R. Payne. 1988. Protein and energy metabolism in starvation reconsidered. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 42(7):543–549.
Horwood, J. 1990. Biology and Exploitation of the Minke Whale. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, Inc.
Houser, D. and D. Costa. 2001. Protein catabolism in suckling and fasting northern elephant seal
pups (Mirounga angustirostris). Journal of Comparative Physiology B 171(8):635–642.
Houser, D.S. and D. Costa. 2003. Entrance into stage III fasting by starveling northern elephant seal
pups. Marine Mammal Science 19(1):186–197.
Houser, D.S., C.D. Champagne, and D.E. Crocker. 2007. Lipolysis and glycerol gluconeogenesis in
simultaneously fasting and lactating northern elephant seals. American Journal of Physiology—
Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 293(6):R2376–R2381.
Irving, L. and J.S. Hart. 1957. The metabolism and insulation of seals as bare-skinned mammals in
cold water. Canadian Journal of Zoology 35(4):497–511.
Iverson, S.J., C.E. Sparling, T.M. Williams, S.L.C. Lang, and W.D. Bowen. 2010. Measurement of
individual and population energetics of marine mammals. In Marine Mammal Ecology and
Conservation: A Handbook of Techniques, eds. I.L. Boyd, W.D. Bowen, and S.J. Iverson. Oxford,
UK: Oxford University Press.
Kelso, E.J., C.D. Champagne, M.S. Tift, D.S. Houser, and D.E. Crocker. 2012. Sex differences in fuel
use and metabolism during development in fasting juvenile northern elephant seals. Journal of
Experimental Biology 215(15):2637–2645.
Keys, A., A. Brozek, A. Henschel, O. Micckelsen, and H.L. Taylor. 1950. The Biology of Human
Starvation. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Kleiber, M. 1975. The Fire of Life: An Introduction to Animal Energetics. New York: Robert E. Krieger
Publ. Co.