136
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Hall-Aspland, S.A. and T.L. Rogers. 2004. Summer diet of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in Prydz
Bay, Eastern Antarctica. Polar Biology 27(12):729–734.
Harcourt, R.G., C.J.A. Bradshaw, K. Dickson, and L.S. Davis. 2002. Foraging ecology of a generalist
predator, the female New Zealand fur seal. Marine Ecology Progress Series 227:11–24.
Heyning, J.E. and J.G. Mead. 1996. Suction feeding in beaked whales: Morphological and observational evidence. Contributions in Science Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 464:1–12.
Hindell, M.A., C. Lydersen, H. Hop, and K.M. Kovacs. 2012. Pre-partum diet of adult female bearded
seals in years of contrasting ice conditions. PLoS ONE 7(5):e38307.
Hindell, M.A., G.G. Robertson, and R. Williams. 1995. Resource partitioning in four species of sympatrically breeding penguins. In The Penguins, eds. P. Dann, I. Norman, and P. Reilly. Chipping
Norton, New South Wales, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons, 196–215.
Hindell, M.A., D.J. Slip, and H.R. Burton. 1991. The diving behavior of adult male and female southern elephant seals, Mirounga-Leonina (Pinnipedia, Phocidae). Australian Journal of Zoology
39(5):595–619.
Hjelset, A.M., M. Andersen, I. Gjertz, C. Lydersen, and B. Gulliksen. 1999. Feeding habits of bearded
seals (Erignathus barbatus) from the Svalbard area, Norway. Polar Biology 21(3):186–193.
Hobson, K.A. and R.G. Clark. 1992. Assessing avian diets using stable isotopes II: Factors influencing diet-tissue fractionation. The Condor 94(1):189–197.
Hobson, K.A., J.F. Piatt, and J. Pitocchelli. 1994. Using stable isotopes to determine seabird trophic
relationships. Journal of Animal Ecology 63(4):786–798.
Hobson, K.A. and H.E. Welch. 1992. Determination of trophic relationships within a high Arctic
marine food web using δ 13 C and δ 15 N analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 84:9–18.
Hocking, D.P., A.R. Evans, and E.M.G. Fitzgerald. 2013. Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) use suction
and filter feeding when hunting small prey underwater. Polar Biology 36(2):211–222.
Iverson, S.J. 1993. Milk secretion in marine mammals in relation to foraging: Can milk fatty acids
predict diet? Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 66:263–291.
Iverson, S.J., J.P.Y. Arnould, and I.L. Boyd. 1997. Milk fatty acid signatures indicate both major and
minor shifts in the diet of lactating Antarctic fur seals. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75(2):188–197.
Iverson, S.J., C. Field, W.D. Bowen, and W. Blanchard. 2004. Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis: A new method of estimating predator diets. Ecological Monographs 74(2):211–235.
Jones, I.M. 2006. A northeast Pacific killer whale (Orcinus orca) feeding on a Pacific halibut
(Hippoglossus stenolepis). Marine Mammal Science 22(1):198–200.
Jones, K.E., C.B. Ruff, and A. Goswami. 2013. Morphology and biomechanics of the pinniped jaw:
Mandibular evolution without mastication. The Anatomical Record 296(7):1049–1063.
Kastelein, R.A. 1994. Oral suction of a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in air and under
water. Mammalian Biology 59:105.
Kelly, J.F. 2000. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the study of avian and mammalian trophic
ecology. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78(1):1–27.
Kernaléguen, L., B. Cazelles, J.P.Y. Arnould, P. Richard, C. Guinet, and Y. Cherel. 2012. Long-term
species, sexual and individual variations in foraging strategies of fur seals revealed by stable
isotopes in whiskers. PLoS ONE 7(3):e32916.
Klages, N.T.W. and V.G. Cockcroft. 1990. Feeding behaviour of a captive crabeater seal. Polar Biology
10(5):403–404.
Lea, M.A., Y. Cherel, C. Guinet, and P.D. Nichols. 2002. Antarctic fur seals foraging in the Polar
Frontal Zone: Inter-annual shifts in diet as shown from fecal and fatty acid analyses. Marine
Ecology Progress Series 245:281–297.
Lowry, L.F, J.W. Testa, and W. Calvert. 1988. Notes on winter feeding of crabeater and leopard seals
near the Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biology 8(6):475–478.
Makhado, A., M. Bester, S. Kirkman, P. Pistorius, J. Ferguson, and N. Klages. 2008. Prey of the
Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella at Marion Island. Polar Biology 31(5):575–581.
Makhado, A.B., M.N. Bester, S. Somhlaba, and R.J.M. Crawford. 2013. The diet of the subantarctic fur
seal Arctocephalus tropicalis at Marion Island. Polar Biology 36(11):1609–1617.
Marshall, C.D., K.M. Kovacs, and C. Lydersen. 2008. Feeding kinematics, suction and hydraulic jetting capabilities in bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus). Journal of Experimental Biology
211(5):699–708.
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Hall-Aspland, S.A. and T.L. Rogers. 2004. Summer diet of leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) in Prydz
Bay, Eastern Antarctica. Polar Biology 27(12):729–734.
Harcourt, R.G., C.J.A. Bradshaw, K. Dickson, and L.S. Davis. 2002. Foraging ecology of a generalist
predator, the female New Zealand fur seal. Marine Ecology Progress Series 227:11–24.
Heyning, J.E. and J.G. Mead. 1996. Suction feeding in beaked whales: Morphological and observational evidence. Contributions in Science Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 464:1–12.
Hindell, M.A., C. Lydersen, H. Hop, and K.M. Kovacs. 2012. Pre-partum diet of adult female bearded
seals in years of contrasting ice conditions. PLoS ONE 7(5):e38307.
Hindell, M.A., G.G. Robertson, and R. Williams. 1995. Resource partitioning in four species of sympatrically breeding penguins. In The Penguins, eds. P. Dann, I. Norman, and P. Reilly. Chipping
Norton, New South Wales, Australia: Surrey Beatty & Sons, 196–215.
Hindell, M.A., D.J. Slip, and H.R. Burton. 1991. The diving behavior of adult male and female southern elephant seals, Mirounga-Leonina (Pinnipedia, Phocidae). Australian Journal of Zoology
39(5):595–619.
Hjelset, A.M., M. Andersen, I. Gjertz, C. Lydersen, and B. Gulliksen. 1999. Feeding habits of bearded
seals (Erignathus barbatus) from the Svalbard area, Norway. Polar Biology 21(3):186–193.
Hobson, K.A. and R.G. Clark. 1992. Assessing avian diets using stable isotopes II: Factors influencing diet-tissue fractionation. The Condor 94(1):189–197.
Hobson, K.A., J.F. Piatt, and J. Pitocchelli. 1994. Using stable isotopes to determine seabird trophic
relationships. Journal of Animal Ecology 63(4):786–798.
Hobson, K.A. and H.E. Welch. 1992. Determination of trophic relationships within a high Arctic
marine food web using δ 13 C and δ 15 N analysis. Marine Ecology Progress Series 84:9–18.
Hocking, D.P., A.R. Evans, and E.M.G. Fitzgerald. 2013. Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) use suction
and filter feeding when hunting small prey underwater. Polar Biology 36(2):211–222.
Iverson, S.J. 1993. Milk secretion in marine mammals in relation to foraging: Can milk fatty acids
predict diet? Symposia of the Zoological Society of London 66:263–291.
Iverson, S.J., J.P.Y. Arnould, and I.L. Boyd. 1997. Milk fatty acid signatures indicate both major and
minor shifts in the diet of lactating Antarctic fur seals. Canadian Journal of Zoology 75(2):188–197.
Iverson, S.J., C. Field, W.D. Bowen, and W. Blanchard. 2004. Quantitative fatty acid signature analysis: A new method of estimating predator diets. Ecological Monographs 74(2):211–235.
Jones, I.M. 2006. A northeast Pacific killer whale (Orcinus orca) feeding on a Pacific halibut
(Hippoglossus stenolepis). Marine Mammal Science 22(1):198–200.
Jones, K.E., C.B. Ruff, and A. Goswami. 2013. Morphology and biomechanics of the pinniped jaw:
Mandibular evolution without mastication. The Anatomical Record 296(7):1049–1063.
Kastelein, R.A. 1994. Oral suction of a Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) in air and under
water. Mammalian Biology 59:105.
Kelly, J.F. 2000. Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the study of avian and mammalian trophic
ecology. Canadian Journal of Zoology 78(1):1–27.
Kernaléguen, L., B. Cazelles, J.P.Y. Arnould, P. Richard, C. Guinet, and Y. Cherel. 2012. Long-term
species, sexual and individual variations in foraging strategies of fur seals revealed by stable
isotopes in whiskers. PLoS ONE 7(3):e32916.
Klages, N.T.W. and V.G. Cockcroft. 1990. Feeding behaviour of a captive crabeater seal. Polar Biology
10(5):403–404.
Lea, M.A., Y. Cherel, C. Guinet, and P.D. Nichols. 2002. Antarctic fur seals foraging in the Polar
Frontal Zone: Inter-annual shifts in diet as shown from fecal and fatty acid analyses. Marine
Ecology Progress Series 245:281–297.
Lowry, L.F, J.W. Testa, and W. Calvert. 1988. Notes on winter feeding of crabeater and leopard seals
near the Antarctic Peninsula. Polar Biology 8(6):475–478.
Makhado, A., M. Bester, S. Kirkman, P. Pistorius, J. Ferguson, and N. Klages. 2008. Prey of the
Antarctic fur seal Arctocephalus gazella at Marion Island. Polar Biology 31(5):575–581.
Makhado, A.B., M.N. Bester, S. Somhlaba, and R.J.M. Crawford. 2013. The diet of the subantarctic fur
seal Arctocephalus tropicalis at Marion Island. Polar Biology 36(11):1609–1617.
Marshall, C.D., K.M. Kovacs, and C. Lydersen. 2008. Feeding kinematics, suction and hydraulic jetting capabilities in bearded seals (Erignathus barbatus). Journal of Experimental Biology
211(5):699–708.