90
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Kooyman, G.L. 2006. Mysteries of adaptation to hypoxia and pressure in marine mammals. The
Kenneth S. Norris lifetime achievement award lecture presented on December 12, 2005, San
Diego, California. Marine Mammal Science 22:507–526.
Kooyman, G.L. and L.H. Cornell. 1981. Flow properties of expiration and inspiration in a trained
bottle-nosed porpoise. Physiological Zoology 54(1):55–61.
Kooyman, G.L., D.D. Hammond, and J.P. Schroeder. 1970. Bronchograms and tracheograms of seals
under pressure. Science 169:82–84.
Kooyman, G.L., D.H. Kerem, W.B. Campbell, and J.J. Wright. 1971. Pulmonary function in freely diving Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddelli. Respiration Physiology 12:271–282.
Kooyman, G.L., J.P. Schroeder, D.M. Denison, D.D. Hammond, J.M. Wright, and W.P. Bergman. 1972.
Blood nitrogen tensions of seals during simulated deep dives. American Journal of Physiology
223:1016–20.
Kooyman, G.L. and E.E. Sinnett. 1979. Mechanical properties of the harbor porpoise lung, Phocoena
phocoena. Respiration Physiology 36(3):287–300.
Kooyman, G.L. and E.E. Sinnett. 1982. Pulmonary shunts in harbor seals and sea lions during simulated dives to depth. Physiological Zoology 55:105–111.
Kvadsheim, P.H., P.J.O. Miller, P.L. Tyack, L.D. Sivle, F.P.A. Lam, and A. Fahlman. 2012. Estimated
tissue and blood N 2 levels and risk of decompression sickness in deep-, intermediate-, and
shallow-diving toothed whales during exposure to naval sonar. Frontiers in Physiology 3:125.
Le Boeuf, B.J., D.P. Costa, A.C. Huntley, and S.D. Feldkamp. 1988. Continuous, deep diving in female
northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66:446–458.
Le Boeuf, B.J., D.P. Costa, A.C. Huntley, G.L. Kooyman, and R.W. Davis. 1986. Pattern and depth of
dives in northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris. Journal of Zoology, London 208:1–7.
Leith, D. 1976. Comparative mammalian respiratory mechanics. Physiologist 19:485–510.
Leith, D.E. 1989. Adaptations to deep breath-hold diving: Respiratory and circulatory mechanics.
Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine 16(5):345–353.
Lemaitre, F., A. Fahlman, B. Gardette, and K. Kohshi. 2009. Decompression sickness in breath-hold
divers: A review. Journal of Sports Sciences 27(14):1519–1534.
Lundgren, C.E.G. and J.N. Miller. 1999. The Lung at Depth. New York: Marcel Dekker.
McDonald, B.I. and P.J. Ponganis. 2012. Lung collapse in the diving sea lion: Hold the nitrogen and
save the oxygen. Biology Letters 8(6):1047–1049.
McDonald, B.I. and P.J. Ponganis. 2013. Insights from venous oxygen profiles: oxygen utilization and management in diving California sea lions. Journal of Experimental Biology
216:3332–3341.
McLellan, W.A., H.N. Koopman, S.A. Rommel et al. 2002. Ontogenetic allometry and body composition of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena, L.) from the western North Atlantic. Journal of
Zoology 257:457–471.
Meir, J.U., C.D. Champagne, D.P. Costa, C.L. Williams, and P.J. Ponganis. 2009. Extreme hypoxemic
tolerance and blood oxygen depletion in diving elephant seals. American Journal of Physiology—
Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297(4):R927–R939.
Miedler, S., A. Fahlman, M. Valls Torres, T. Alvaro Alvez, and D. Garcia-Parraga. in press. Evaluating
cardiac physiology through echocardiography in bottlenose dolphins: using stroke volume
and cardiac output to estimate systolic left ventricular function during rest and following
exercise. Journal of Experimental Biology.
Miller, P.J.O., M.P. Johnson, and P.L. Tyack. 2004. Sperm whale behaviour indicates the use of echolocation click buzzes “creaks” in prey capture. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B
271:2239–2247.
Montcalm-Smith, E.A., A. Fahlman, and S.R. Kayar. 2008. Pharmacological interventions to decompression sickness in rats: Comparison of five agents. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine 79(1):7–13.
Moore, C., M. Moore, S. Trumble et al. 2014. A comparative analysis of marine mammal tracheas.
Journal of Experimental Biology 217(7):1154–1166.
Moore, M.J., A.L. Bogomolni, S.E. Dennison et al. 2009. Gas bubbles in seals, dolphins, and porpoises
entangled and drowned at depth in gillnets. Veterinary Pathology 46:536–547.
Marine Mammal Physiology: Requisites for Ocean Living
Kooyman, G.L. 2006. Mysteries of adaptation to hypoxia and pressure in marine mammals. The
Kenneth S. Norris lifetime achievement award lecture presented on December 12, 2005, San
Diego, California. Marine Mammal Science 22:507–526.
Kooyman, G.L. and L.H. Cornell. 1981. Flow properties of expiration and inspiration in a trained
bottle-nosed porpoise. Physiological Zoology 54(1):55–61.
Kooyman, G.L., D.D. Hammond, and J.P. Schroeder. 1970. Bronchograms and tracheograms of seals
under pressure. Science 169:82–84.
Kooyman, G.L., D.H. Kerem, W.B. Campbell, and J.J. Wright. 1971. Pulmonary function in freely diving Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddelli. Respiration Physiology 12:271–282.
Kooyman, G.L., J.P. Schroeder, D.M. Denison, D.D. Hammond, J.M. Wright, and W.P. Bergman. 1972.
Blood nitrogen tensions of seals during simulated deep dives. American Journal of Physiology
223:1016–20.
Kooyman, G.L. and E.E. Sinnett. 1979. Mechanical properties of the harbor porpoise lung, Phocoena
phocoena. Respiration Physiology 36(3):287–300.
Kooyman, G.L. and E.E. Sinnett. 1982. Pulmonary shunts in harbor seals and sea lions during simulated dives to depth. Physiological Zoology 55:105–111.
Kvadsheim, P.H., P.J.O. Miller, P.L. Tyack, L.D. Sivle, F.P.A. Lam, and A. Fahlman. 2012. Estimated
tissue and blood N 2 levels and risk of decompression sickness in deep-, intermediate-, and
shallow-diving toothed whales during exposure to naval sonar. Frontiers in Physiology 3:125.
Le Boeuf, B.J., D.P. Costa, A.C. Huntley, and S.D. Feldkamp. 1988. Continuous, deep diving in female
northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris. Canadian Journal of Zoology 66:446–458.
Le Boeuf, B.J., D.P. Costa, A.C. Huntley, G.L. Kooyman, and R.W. Davis. 1986. Pattern and depth of
dives in northern elephant seals, Mirounga angustirostris. Journal of Zoology, London 208:1–7.
Leith, D. 1976. Comparative mammalian respiratory mechanics. Physiologist 19:485–510.
Leith, D.E. 1989. Adaptations to deep breath-hold diving: Respiratory and circulatory mechanics.
Undersea & Hyperbaric Medicine 16(5):345–353.
Lemaitre, F., A. Fahlman, B. Gardette, and K. Kohshi. 2009. Decompression sickness in breath-hold
divers: A review. Journal of Sports Sciences 27(14):1519–1534.
Lundgren, C.E.G. and J.N. Miller. 1999. The Lung at Depth. New York: Marcel Dekker.
McDonald, B.I. and P.J. Ponganis. 2012. Lung collapse in the diving sea lion: Hold the nitrogen and
save the oxygen. Biology Letters 8(6):1047–1049.
McDonald, B.I. and P.J. Ponganis. 2013. Insights from venous oxygen profiles: oxygen utilization and management in diving California sea lions. Journal of Experimental Biology
216:3332–3341.
McLellan, W.A., H.N. Koopman, S.A. Rommel et al. 2002. Ontogenetic allometry and body composition of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena, L.) from the western North Atlantic. Journal of
Zoology 257:457–471.
Meir, J.U., C.D. Champagne, D.P. Costa, C.L. Williams, and P.J. Ponganis. 2009. Extreme hypoxemic
tolerance and blood oxygen depletion in diving elephant seals. American Journal of Physiology—
Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297(4):R927–R939.
Miedler, S., A. Fahlman, M. Valls Torres, T. Alvaro Alvez, and D. Garcia-Parraga. in press. Evaluating
cardiac physiology through echocardiography in bottlenose dolphins: using stroke volume
and cardiac output to estimate systolic left ventricular function during rest and following
exercise. Journal of Experimental Biology.
Miller, P.J.O., M.P. Johnson, and P.L. Tyack. 2004. Sperm whale behaviour indicates the use of echolocation click buzzes “creaks” in prey capture. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B
271:2239–2247.
Montcalm-Smith, E.A., A. Fahlman, and S.R. Kayar. 2008. Pharmacological interventions to decompression sickness in rats: Comparison of five agents. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine 79(1):7–13.
Moore, C., M. Moore, S. Trumble et al. 2014. A comparative analysis of marine mammal tracheas.
Journal of Experimental Biology 217(7):1154–1166.
Moore, M.J., A.L. Bogomolni, S.E. Dennison et al. 2009. Gas bubbles in seals, dolphins, and porpoises
entangled and drowned at depth in gillnets. Veterinary Pathology 46:536–547.