The External, Musculoskeletal and Neuro-Anatomy of Sea Turtles
73
FIGURE 2.27 Cross section through a sea turtle head showing brain. This sagittal section is
cut immediately lateral to the midline. The brain is bisected. (Adapted from Wyneken, J. The
Anatomy of Sea Turtles, U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum
NMFS-SEFSC-470, 2001. With permission.)
TABLE 2.3
Cranial Nerves, Functional Components, and Innervations
Nerve Number
Nerve Name
Innervations
0
Accessory Olfactory (SS, VS)
Vasculature of olfactory sac
I
Olfactory (SS)
Olfactory cells of olfactory sac
II
Optic (SS)
Retina
III
Oculomotor (SM, VM)
Superior rectus, medial rectus, and
inferior oblique eye muscles, iris, and
ciliary body
IV
Trochlear (SM)
Superior oblique eye muscles
V
T rigeminal (SS, VM)
Skin of head and mouth, jaw muscles
VI
Abducens (SM)
Lateral rectus eye muscles
VII
Facial (SS, VM, VS)
Throat muscles, tongue, and taste buds
VIII
Auditory = Statoacoustic (SS)
Inner ear (balance and hearing)
IX
Glossopharyngeal (SS, VM,
VS)
Taste buds, pharyngeal linings, throat
muscles
X
V agus (SS, VS, VM)
Esophagus, stomach, anterior intestines,
heart
XI
Spinal Accessory (VM)
Pharynx, glottis
XII
Hypoglossal (SM)
Throat and tongue muscles
Notes: SM = somatic motor; SS = somatic sensory; VM = visceral motor; and VS = visceral
sensory. Marine turtle cranial nerves have not received sufficient analysis to warrant further
subdivision into general or specific functions.
1123_C02.fm Page 73 Friday, November 15, 2002 11:16 AM
73
FIGURE 2.27 Cross section through a sea turtle head showing brain. This sagittal section is
cut immediately lateral to the midline. The brain is bisected. (Adapted from Wyneken, J. The
Anatomy of Sea Turtles, U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum
NMFS-SEFSC-470, 2001. With permission.)
TABLE 2.3
Cranial Nerves, Functional Components, and Innervations
Nerve Number
Nerve Name
Innervations
0
Accessory Olfactory (SS, VS)
Vasculature of olfactory sac
I
Olfactory (SS)
Olfactory cells of olfactory sac
II
Optic (SS)
Retina
III
Oculomotor (SM, VM)
Superior rectus, medial rectus, and
inferior oblique eye muscles, iris, and
ciliary body
IV
Trochlear (SM)
Superior oblique eye muscles
V
T rigeminal (SS, VM)
Skin of head and mouth, jaw muscles
VI
Abducens (SM)
Lateral rectus eye muscles
VII
Facial (SS, VM, VS)
Throat muscles, tongue, and taste buds
VIII
Auditory = Statoacoustic (SS)
Inner ear (balance and hearing)
IX
Glossopharyngeal (SS, VM,
VS)
Taste buds, pharyngeal linings, throat
muscles
X
V agus (SS, VS, VM)
Esophagus, stomach, anterior intestines,
heart
XI
Spinal Accessory (VM)
Pharynx, glottis
XII
Hypoglossal (SM)
Throat and tongue muscles
Notes: SM = somatic motor; SS = somatic sensory; VM = visceral motor; and VS = visceral
sensory. Marine turtle cranial nerves have not received sufficient analysis to warrant further
subdivision into general or specific functions.
1123_C02.fm Page 73 Friday, November 15, 2002 11:16 AM