42
2 Geomaties standards
meet these needs, standardisation of geographie information in the ISO 19100 series
is based on the integration of the eoncepts of geographie information with those of
Information Technology. Whenever possible the development of standards for geographie information considers the adoption or adaptation of generic Information
Technology. It is only when this cannot be done that geographie information standards have been developed. The basic principles of Information Technology can be
found in standards of ISO and IEC.
Viewpoints
The usage of viewpoints is a common method of decomposing large distributed
software systems during the design process. This core-model is standardised as
ISOIIEC 10746 (Information Technology - Open Distributed Processing - Reference Model). It is also the foundation ofthe reference model for the ISO 19100 family of standards.
The ISOIIEC 10746 describes five viewpoints:
1. The enterprise viewpoint is concerned with the purpose, scope and polieies of an
organization in relation to geographie information systems. This viewpoint is used
to generate requirements and varies among different organizations and, therefore,
it is not within the purview of the ISO 19100 family of standards.
2. The information viewpoint is concerned with the semantics of information and
information processing. A specification developed from this viewpoint provides a
model ofthe information in a GIS and defines the proeessing that is performed by
such a system. The information provides a consistent common view on information that can be referenced in a GIS. The information viewpoint is the most important viewpoint for the ISO 19100 family of standards.
3. The computational viewpoint is concerned with the patterns of interaction
among services that are part of a larger system. A service may be the interaction
between the system and the client, like the window-interface on the screen, or between a set of other services such as the data retrieval from a database in the
background. The computational viewpoint is the second most important viewpoint
for the ISO 19100 family of standards.
4. The engineering viewpoint is concerned with the design of implementations
within distributed, networked, computing systems that support system distribution. As the implementation is not the focus ofthe ISO 19100 standards, there is
little emphasis placed on this viewpoint.
5. The technology viewpoint is concerned with the provision of the underlying
hardware and software infrastructure within which services operate. Again, as this
is out of scope of the ISO 19100 family of standards, there is little emphasis
placed on this viewpoint.
2 Geomaties standards
meet these needs, standardisation of geographie information in the ISO 19100 series
is based on the integration of the eoncepts of geographie information with those of
Information Technology. Whenever possible the development of standards for geographie information considers the adoption or adaptation of generic Information
Technology. It is only when this cannot be done that geographie information standards have been developed. The basic principles of Information Technology can be
found in standards of ISO and IEC.
Viewpoints
The usage of viewpoints is a common method of decomposing large distributed
software systems during the design process. This core-model is standardised as
ISOIIEC 10746 (Information Technology - Open Distributed Processing - Reference Model). It is also the foundation ofthe reference model for the ISO 19100 family of standards.
The ISOIIEC 10746 describes five viewpoints:
1. The enterprise viewpoint is concerned with the purpose, scope and polieies of an
organization in relation to geographie information systems. This viewpoint is used
to generate requirements and varies among different organizations and, therefore,
it is not within the purview of the ISO 19100 family of standards.
2. The information viewpoint is concerned with the semantics of information and
information processing. A specification developed from this viewpoint provides a
model ofthe information in a GIS and defines the proeessing that is performed by
such a system. The information provides a consistent common view on information that can be referenced in a GIS. The information viewpoint is the most important viewpoint for the ISO 19100 family of standards.
3. The computational viewpoint is concerned with the patterns of interaction
among services that are part of a larger system. A service may be the interaction
between the system and the client, like the window-interface on the screen, or between a set of other services such as the data retrieval from a database in the
background. The computational viewpoint is the second most important viewpoint
for the ISO 19100 family of standards.
4. The engineering viewpoint is concerned with the design of implementations
within distributed, networked, computing systems that support system distribution. As the implementation is not the focus ofthe ISO 19100 standards, there is
little emphasis placed on this viewpoint.
5. The technology viewpoint is concerned with the provision of the underlying
hardware and software infrastructure within which services operate. Again, as this
is out of scope of the ISO 19100 family of standards, there is little emphasis
placed on this viewpoint.