62 Marine Macro- and Microalgae: An Overview
Verity, P.G. 1981. Effects of temperature, irradiance, and day length on the marine diatom Leptocylindrus danicus Cleve. I.
Photosynthesis and cellular composition. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 55: 79–91.
Vidhyavathi, R., L. Venkatachalam, R. Sarada and G.A. Ravishankar. 2008. Regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic genes
expression and carotenoid accumulation in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis under nutrient stress conditions. J.
Exp. Bot. 59: 1409–1418.
Villarejo, A., M.I. Orús and F. Martinez. 1997. Regulation of the CO 2 -concentrating mechanism in Chlorella vulgaris UAM
101 by glucose. Physiol. Plant 99: 293–301.
Vonshak, A. and R. Guy. 1992. Photoadaptation, photoinhibition and productivity in the blue-green alga, Spirulina platensis
grown outdoors. Plant Cell Environ. 15: 613–616.
Vonshak, A. 1997. Outdoor mass production of Spirulina: the basic concept. pp. 79–99. In: A. Vonshak (ed.). Spirulina platensis
(Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-Biology and Biochemistry. Taylor & Francis, London.
Vonshak, A., G. Torzillo, J. Masojidek and S. Boussiba. 2001. Sub-optimal morning temperature induces photoinhibition
in dense outdoor cultures of the alga Monodus subterraneus (Eustigmatophyta). Plant Cell Environ. 24: 1113–1118.
Vonshak, A. and G. Torzillo. 2004. Environmental stress physiology. pp. 57–62. In: A. Richmond (ed.). Handbook of Microalgal
Culture: Biotechnology and applied Phycology. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Wagner, H., T. Jakob and C. Wilhelm. 2006. Balancing the energy flow from captured light to biomass under fluctuating light
conditions. New Phytol. 169: 95–108.
Walker, D.A. 2009. Biofuels, facts, fantasy and feasibility. J. Appl. Phycol. 21: 508–517.
Wayama, M., S. Ota, H. Matsuura, N. Nango, A. Hirata and S. Kawano. 2013. Three-dimensional ultrastructural study of
oil and astaxanthin accumulation during encystment in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. PLoS One 8: e53618.
Wen, Z.Y. and F. Chen. 2000. Production potentail of eicosapentaenoic acid by the diatom Nitzschia laevis. Biotechnol. Lett.
22: 727–733.
White, D.A., A. Pagarette, P. Rooks and S.T. Ali. 2013. The effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on growth and
biochemical composition of marine microalgae cultures. J. Appl. Phycol. 25: 153–165.
Wijffels, R.H. and E. Barba. 2010. An outlook on microalgal biofuels. Science 329: 796–799.
Wynn, J., P. Behrens, A. Sundararajan, J. Hansen, and K. Apt. 2010. Production of single cell oils from dinoflagellates.
pp. 115–129. In: Z. Cohen and C. Ratledge (eds.). SIngle Cell Oils. Microbial and Algal Oils. AOCS Press, Urbana.
Xiong, W., X.F. Li, J.Y. Xiang and Q.Y. Wu. 2008. High-density fermentation of microalga Chlorella protothecoides in
bioreactor for microbio-diesel production. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 78: 29–36.
Yong, Y.Y.R. and Y.K. Lee. 1991. Do carotenoids play a photoprotective role in the cytoplasm of Haematococcus lacustris
(Chlorophyta). Phycologia 30: 257–261.
Yongmanitchai, W. and O.P. Ward. 1991. Growth of and omega-3 fatty acid production by Phaeodactylum tricornutum under
different culture conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57: 419–425.
Zhao, G.L., J.Y. Yu, F.F. Jiang, X. Zhang and T.W. Tan. 2012. The effect of different trophic modes on lipid accumulation of
Scenedesmus quadricauda. Bioresour. Technol. 114: 466–471.
Zhekisheva, M., S. Boussiba, I. Khozina-Goldberg, A. Zarka and Z. Cohen. 2002. Accumulation of oleic acid in Haematococcus
pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) under nitrogen startvation or high light is correlated with that of astaxanthin esters. J. Phycol.
38: 325–331.
Zhu, X., S.P. Long and D.R. Ort. 2008. Converting solar energy into crop production. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 19: 153–159.
Verity, P.G. 1981. Effects of temperature, irradiance, and day length on the marine diatom Leptocylindrus danicus Cleve. I.
Photosynthesis and cellular composition. J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. 55: 79–91.
Vidhyavathi, R., L. Venkatachalam, R. Sarada and G.A. Ravishankar. 2008. Regulation of carotenoid biosynthetic genes
expression and carotenoid accumulation in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis under nutrient stress conditions. J.
Exp. Bot. 59: 1409–1418.
Villarejo, A., M.I. Orús and F. Martinez. 1997. Regulation of the CO 2 -concentrating mechanism in Chlorella vulgaris UAM
101 by glucose. Physiol. Plant 99: 293–301.
Vonshak, A. and R. Guy. 1992. Photoadaptation, photoinhibition and productivity in the blue-green alga, Spirulina platensis
grown outdoors. Plant Cell Environ. 15: 613–616.
Vonshak, A. 1997. Outdoor mass production of Spirulina: the basic concept. pp. 79–99. In: A. Vonshak (ed.). Spirulina platensis
(Arthrospira): Physiology, Cell-Biology and Biochemistry. Taylor & Francis, London.
Vonshak, A., G. Torzillo, J. Masojidek and S. Boussiba. 2001. Sub-optimal morning temperature induces photoinhibition
in dense outdoor cultures of the alga Monodus subterraneus (Eustigmatophyta). Plant Cell Environ. 24: 1113–1118.
Vonshak, A. and G. Torzillo. 2004. Environmental stress physiology. pp. 57–62. In: A. Richmond (ed.). Handbook of Microalgal
Culture: Biotechnology and applied Phycology. Blackwell Science, Oxford.
Wagner, H., T. Jakob and C. Wilhelm. 2006. Balancing the energy flow from captured light to biomass under fluctuating light
conditions. New Phytol. 169: 95–108.
Walker, D.A. 2009. Biofuels, facts, fantasy and feasibility. J. Appl. Phycol. 21: 508–517.
Wayama, M., S. Ota, H. Matsuura, N. Nango, A. Hirata and S. Kawano. 2013. Three-dimensional ultrastructural study of
oil and astaxanthin accumulation during encystment in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. PLoS One 8: e53618.
Wen, Z.Y. and F. Chen. 2000. Production potentail of eicosapentaenoic acid by the diatom Nitzschia laevis. Biotechnol. Lett.
22: 727–733.
White, D.A., A. Pagarette, P. Rooks and S.T. Ali. 2013. The effect of sodium bicarbonate supplementation on growth and
biochemical composition of marine microalgae cultures. J. Appl. Phycol. 25: 153–165.
Wijffels, R.H. and E. Barba. 2010. An outlook on microalgal biofuels. Science 329: 796–799.
Wynn, J., P. Behrens, A. Sundararajan, J. Hansen, and K. Apt. 2010. Production of single cell oils from dinoflagellates.
pp. 115–129. In: Z. Cohen and C. Ratledge (eds.). SIngle Cell Oils. Microbial and Algal Oils. AOCS Press, Urbana.
Xiong, W., X.F. Li, J.Y. Xiang and Q.Y. Wu. 2008. High-density fermentation of microalga Chlorella protothecoides in
bioreactor for microbio-diesel production. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 78: 29–36.
Yong, Y.Y.R. and Y.K. Lee. 1991. Do carotenoids play a photoprotective role in the cytoplasm of Haematococcus lacustris
(Chlorophyta). Phycologia 30: 257–261.
Yongmanitchai, W. and O.P. Ward. 1991. Growth of and omega-3 fatty acid production by Phaeodactylum tricornutum under
different culture conditions. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57: 419–425.
Zhao, G.L., J.Y. Yu, F.F. Jiang, X. Zhang and T.W. Tan. 2012. The effect of different trophic modes on lipid accumulation of
Scenedesmus quadricauda. Bioresour. Technol. 114: 466–471.
Zhekisheva, M., S. Boussiba, I. Khozina-Goldberg, A. Zarka and Z. Cohen. 2002. Accumulation of oleic acid in Haematococcus
pluvialis (Chlorophyceae) under nitrogen startvation or high light is correlated with that of astaxanthin esters. J. Phycol.
38: 325–331.
Zhu, X., S.P. Long and D.R. Ort. 2008. Converting solar energy into crop production. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 19: 153–159.