Microalgal Metabolism and their Utilisation 59
Kroon, B., B. Prézelin and O. Schofield. 1993. Chromatic regulation of quantum yields for photosystem II Charge separation,
oxygen evolution, and carbon fixation in Heterocapsa pygmaea (Pyrrophyta). J. Phycol. 29: 453–462.
Lalucat, J., J. Imperial and R. Parés. 1984. Utilization of light for the assimilation of organic matter in Chlorella sp. VJ79.
Biotechnol. Bioeng. 26: 677–681.
Lamers, P.P., C.C.W. van de Laak, P.S. Kaasenbrood, J. Lorier, M. Janssen, R.C.H. De Vos, R.J. Bino and R.H. Wijffels. 2010.
Carotenoid and fatty acid metabolism in light-stressed Dunaliella salina. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 106: 638–648.
Lang, N.J. 1968. Electron microscopic studies of extraplastidic astaxanthin in Haematococcus. J. Phycol. 4: 12–19.
Lavaud, J. 2007. Fast regulation of photosynthesis in diatoms: mechanisms, evolution and ecophysiology. Funct. Plant Scie.
Biotechnol. 1: 267–287.
Lazar, B., A. Starinsky, A. Katz, E. Sass and S. Ben-Yaakov. 1983. The carbonate system in hypersaline solutions: alkalinity
and CaCO 3 solubility of evaporated seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr. 28: 978–986.
Leftley, J.W. and P.J. Syrett. 1973. Urease and ATP: Urea amidolyase activity in unicellular algae. J. Gen. Microbiol. 77: 109–115.
Lei, A., H. Chen, G. Shen, Z. Hu, L. Chen and J. Wang. 2012. Expression of fatty acid synthesis genes and fatty acid accumulation
in Haematococcus pluvialis under different stressors. Biotech. Biofuels 5: 18.
Lemoine, Y. and B. Schoefs. 2010. Secondary ketocarotenoid astaxanthin biosynthesis in algae: a multifunctional response
to stress. Photosynth. Res. 106: 155–177.
Levine, R.B., M.S. Costanza-Robinson and G.A. Spatafora. 2011. Neochloris oleoabundans grown on anaerobically digested
dairy manure for concomitant nutrient removal and biodiesl feedstock production. Biomass Bioenergy 35: 40–49.
Li, Y., M. Sommerfeld, F. Chen and Q. Hu. 2008. Consumption of oxygen by astaxanthin biosynthesis: A protective mechanism
against oxidative stress in Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae). J. Plant Physiol. 165: 1783–1797.
Li, Y.T., M. Sommerfeld, F. Chen and Q. Hu. 2010. Effect of photon flux densities on regulation of carotenogenesis and cell
viability of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae). J. Appl. Phycol. 22: 253–263.
Li, Z., H. Yuan, J. Yang and B. Li. 2011. Optimization of the biomass production of oil algae Chlorella minutissima UTEX2341.
Bioresour. Technol. 102: 9128–9134.
Liang, Y., N. Sarkany and Y. Cui. 2009. Biomass and lipid productivities of Chlorella vulgaris under autotrophic, heterotrophic
and mixotrophic growth conditions. Biotechnol. Lett. 31: 1043–1049.
Lynn, S.G., S.S. Kilham, D.A. Kreeger and S. Interlandi. 2000. Effect of nutrient availability on the biochemical and elemental
stoichiometry in freshwater diatom Stephanodiscus minutulus (Bacillariophyceae). J. Phycol. 36: 510–522.
MacIntyre, H.L., T.M. Kana, T. Anning and R.J. Geider. 2002. Photoacclimation of photosynthesis irradiance response curves
and photosynthetic pigments in microalgae and cyanobacteria. J. Phycol. 38: 17–38.
Martínez, F. and M.I. Orús. 1991. Interactions between glucose and inorganic carbon metabolism in Chlorella vulgaris strain
UAM 101. Plant Physiol. 95: 1150–1155.
Materassi, R., C. Paoletti, W. Balloni and G. Florenzano. 1980. Some considerations on the production of lipid substances by
microalgae and cyanobacteria. pp. 619–626. In: G. Shelef and C.J. Soeder (eds.). Algae Biomass. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Melis, A., J. Neidhardt and J. Benemann. 1999. Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta) with small chlorophyll antenna sizes exhibit
higher photosynthetic productivities and photon use efficiencies than normally pigmented cells. J. Appl. Phycol. 10:
515–525.
Mendoza, H., A. Martel, M. Jiménez del Río and G. García Reina. 1999. Oleic acid is the main fatty acid related with
carotenogenesis in Dunaliella salina. J. Appl. Phycol. 11: 15–19.
Mercz, T.I. 1994. A study of high lipid yielding microalgae with potential for large-scale production of lipids and polyunsaturated
fatty acids. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia.
Mil’ko, E.S. 1963. Effect of various environmental factors on pigment production in the alga Dunaliella salina. Mikrobiologya
32: 299–307.
Minagawa, J. 2011. State transitions—The molecular remodeling of photosynthetic supercomplexes that controls energy flow
in the chloroplast. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Bioenergetics 1807: 897–905.
Moheimani, N.R. and M.A. Borowitzka. 2007. Limits to growth of Pleurochrysis carterae (Haptophyta) grown in outdoor
raceway ponds. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 96: 27–36.
Moheimani, N.R. 2012. Inorganic carbon and pH effect on growth and lipid productivity of Tetraselmis suecica and Chlorella
sp. (Chlorophyta) grown outdoors in bag photobioreactors. J. Appl. Phycol. 1–12.
Morris, E. and J. Kronkamp. 2003. Influence of temperature on the relationship between oxygen- and fluorescence-based
estimates of photosynthetic parameters in a marine benthic diatom (Cylindrotheca closterium). Eur. J. Phycol. 38: 133–142.
Muradyan, E.A., G.L. Klyachko-Gurvich, L.N. Tsoglin, T.V. Sergeyenko and N.A. Pronina. 2004. Changes in lipid metabolism
during adaptation of the Dunaliella salina photosynthetic apparatus to high CO 2 concentration. Russ. J. Plant Physiol.
51: 53–62.
Myers, J. and J. Graham. 1958. On the mass culture of algae II. Yield as a function of cell concentration under continuous
sunlight irradiance. Plant Physiol. 34: 345–352.
Myklestad, S.M. 1995. Release of extracellular products by phytoplankton with special emphasis on polysaccharides. Sci.
Total Environ. 165: 155–164.
Nakajima, Y. and R. Ueda. 1997. Improvement of photosynthesis in dense microalgal suspensions by reducing the content of
light harvesting pigments. J. Appl. Phycol. 9: 503–510.
Nakajima, Y. and R. Ueda. 1999. Improvement of microalgal photosynthetic productivity by reducing the content of light
harvesting pigments. J. Appl. Phycol. 11: 151–201.
Kroon, B., B. Prézelin and O. Schofield. 1993. Chromatic regulation of quantum yields for photosystem II Charge separation,
oxygen evolution, and carbon fixation in Heterocapsa pygmaea (Pyrrophyta). J. Phycol. 29: 453–462.
Lalucat, J., J. Imperial and R. Parés. 1984. Utilization of light for the assimilation of organic matter in Chlorella sp. VJ79.
Biotechnol. Bioeng. 26: 677–681.
Lamers, P.P., C.C.W. van de Laak, P.S. Kaasenbrood, J. Lorier, M. Janssen, R.C.H. De Vos, R.J. Bino and R.H. Wijffels. 2010.
Carotenoid and fatty acid metabolism in light-stressed Dunaliella salina. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 106: 638–648.
Lang, N.J. 1968. Electron microscopic studies of extraplastidic astaxanthin in Haematococcus. J. Phycol. 4: 12–19.
Lavaud, J. 2007. Fast regulation of photosynthesis in diatoms: mechanisms, evolution and ecophysiology. Funct. Plant Scie.
Biotechnol. 1: 267–287.
Lazar, B., A. Starinsky, A. Katz, E. Sass and S. Ben-Yaakov. 1983. The carbonate system in hypersaline solutions: alkalinity
and CaCO 3 solubility of evaporated seawater. Limnol. Oceanogr. 28: 978–986.
Leftley, J.W. and P.J. Syrett. 1973. Urease and ATP: Urea amidolyase activity in unicellular algae. J. Gen. Microbiol. 77: 109–115.
Lei, A., H. Chen, G. Shen, Z. Hu, L. Chen and J. Wang. 2012. Expression of fatty acid synthesis genes and fatty acid accumulation
in Haematococcus pluvialis under different stressors. Biotech. Biofuels 5: 18.
Lemoine, Y. and B. Schoefs. 2010. Secondary ketocarotenoid astaxanthin biosynthesis in algae: a multifunctional response
to stress. Photosynth. Res. 106: 155–177.
Levine, R.B., M.S. Costanza-Robinson and G.A. Spatafora. 2011. Neochloris oleoabundans grown on anaerobically digested
dairy manure for concomitant nutrient removal and biodiesl feedstock production. Biomass Bioenergy 35: 40–49.
Li, Y., M. Sommerfeld, F. Chen and Q. Hu. 2008. Consumption of oxygen by astaxanthin biosynthesis: A protective mechanism
against oxidative stress in Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae). J. Plant Physiol. 165: 1783–1797.
Li, Y.T., M. Sommerfeld, F. Chen and Q. Hu. 2010. Effect of photon flux densities on regulation of carotenogenesis and cell
viability of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae). J. Appl. Phycol. 22: 253–263.
Li, Z., H. Yuan, J. Yang and B. Li. 2011. Optimization of the biomass production of oil algae Chlorella minutissima UTEX2341.
Bioresour. Technol. 102: 9128–9134.
Liang, Y., N. Sarkany and Y. Cui. 2009. Biomass and lipid productivities of Chlorella vulgaris under autotrophic, heterotrophic
and mixotrophic growth conditions. Biotechnol. Lett. 31: 1043–1049.
Lynn, S.G., S.S. Kilham, D.A. Kreeger and S. Interlandi. 2000. Effect of nutrient availability on the biochemical and elemental
stoichiometry in freshwater diatom Stephanodiscus minutulus (Bacillariophyceae). J. Phycol. 36: 510–522.
MacIntyre, H.L., T.M. Kana, T. Anning and R.J. Geider. 2002. Photoacclimation of photosynthesis irradiance response curves
and photosynthetic pigments in microalgae and cyanobacteria. J. Phycol. 38: 17–38.
Martínez, F. and M.I. Orús. 1991. Interactions between glucose and inorganic carbon metabolism in Chlorella vulgaris strain
UAM 101. Plant Physiol. 95: 1150–1155.
Materassi, R., C. Paoletti, W. Balloni and G. Florenzano. 1980. Some considerations on the production of lipid substances by
microalgae and cyanobacteria. pp. 619–626. In: G. Shelef and C.J. Soeder (eds.). Algae Biomass. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Melis, A., J. Neidhardt and J. Benemann. 1999. Dunaliella salina (Chlorophyta) with small chlorophyll antenna sizes exhibit
higher photosynthetic productivities and photon use efficiencies than normally pigmented cells. J. Appl. Phycol. 10:
515–525.
Mendoza, H., A. Martel, M. Jiménez del Río and G. García Reina. 1999. Oleic acid is the main fatty acid related with
carotenogenesis in Dunaliella salina. J. Appl. Phycol. 11: 15–19.
Mercz, T.I. 1994. A study of high lipid yielding microalgae with potential for large-scale production of lipids and polyunsaturated
fatty acids. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia.
Mil’ko, E.S. 1963. Effect of various environmental factors on pigment production in the alga Dunaliella salina. Mikrobiologya
32: 299–307.
Minagawa, J. 2011. State transitions—The molecular remodeling of photosynthetic supercomplexes that controls energy flow
in the chloroplast. Biochim. Biophys. Acta - Bioenergetics 1807: 897–905.
Moheimani, N.R. and M.A. Borowitzka. 2007. Limits to growth of Pleurochrysis carterae (Haptophyta) grown in outdoor
raceway ponds. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 96: 27–36.
Moheimani, N.R. 2012. Inorganic carbon and pH effect on growth and lipid productivity of Tetraselmis suecica and Chlorella
sp. (Chlorophyta) grown outdoors in bag photobioreactors. J. Appl. Phycol. 1–12.
Morris, E. and J. Kronkamp. 2003. Influence of temperature on the relationship between oxygen- and fluorescence-based
estimates of photosynthetic parameters in a marine benthic diatom (Cylindrotheca closterium). Eur. J. Phycol. 38: 133–142.
Muradyan, E.A., G.L. Klyachko-Gurvich, L.N. Tsoglin, T.V. Sergeyenko and N.A. Pronina. 2004. Changes in lipid metabolism
during adaptation of the Dunaliella salina photosynthetic apparatus to high CO 2 concentration. Russ. J. Plant Physiol.
51: 53–62.
Myers, J. and J. Graham. 1958. On the mass culture of algae II. Yield as a function of cell concentration under continuous
sunlight irradiance. Plant Physiol. 34: 345–352.
Myklestad, S.M. 1995. Release of extracellular products by phytoplankton with special emphasis on polysaccharides. Sci.
Total Environ. 165: 155–164.
Nakajima, Y. and R. Ueda. 1997. Improvement of photosynthesis in dense microalgal suspensions by reducing the content of
light harvesting pigments. J. Appl. Phycol. 9: 503–510.
Nakajima, Y. and R. Ueda. 1999. Improvement of microalgal photosynthetic productivity by reducing the content of light
harvesting pigments. J. Appl. Phycol. 11: 151–201.