Importance of Seaweed in the Climate Change—Seaweed Solution 41
References
Buck, B.H. and C.M. Buchholz. 2004. The offshore-ring: a new system design for the open ocean aquaculture of macroalgae.
J. Appl. Phycol. 16: 355–368.
Buck, B.H., G. Krause and H. Rosenthal. 2004. Extensive open ocean aquaculture development within wind farm in Germany:
the prospect of offshore co-management and legal constraints. Ocean Coast. Manag. 47: 95–122.
Choi, C.G., J.H. Kim and I.K. Chung. 2008a. Temporal variation of seaweed biomass in Korean coasts: Yokjido, Gyeongnam
Province. Algae 23: 311–316.
Choi, H.G., K.H. Lee, X.Q. Wan, H.I. Yoo, H.H. Park, J.H. Kim and I.K. Chung. 2008b. Temporal variations in seaweed
biomass in Korean coasts: Woejodo and Jusamdo, Jeonbuk. Algae 23: 335–342.
Chopin, T., A.H. Buschmann, C. Halling, M. Troell, N. Kautsky, A. Neori, G.P. Kraemer, J.A. Zertuche-Gonzalez, C. Yarish
and C. Neefus. 2001. Integrating seaweeds into marine aquaculture systems: a key towards sustainability. J. Phycol.
37: 975–986.
Chritchley, A.T. and M. Ohno. 1998. Seaweed Resources of the World. Japan International Cooperation Agency, p. 431.
Chung, I.K., Y.H. Kang, C. Yarish, G.P. Kraemer and J.A. Lee. 2002. Application of seaweed cultivation to the bioremediation
of nutrient-rich effluent. Algae 17: 1–10.
Chung, I.K. 2007. Seaweed coastal CO 2 removal belt in Korea. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change and the 13th Conference of the Parties, Side Event of Seaweed Coastal CO 2 Removal Belt in Korea and Algal
Paper and Biofuel, 6–10 Dec. 2007, Bali, Indonesia.
Chung, I.K., J. Beardall, S. Mehta, D. Sahoo and S. Stojkovie. 2011. Using marine macroalgae for carbon sequestration: a
critical appraisal. J. Appl. Phycol. 23: 877–886.
Chung, I.K., J.H. Oak, J.A. Lee, J.A. Shin, J.G. Kim and K.-S. Park. 2013. Installing kelp forests/seaweed beds for mitigation
and adaptation against global warming: Korean Project Overview. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 70: 1038–1044.
Chung, I.K., F.A. Calvyn and J. Beardall. 2017. The future of seaweed aquaculture in a rapidly changing world. Eur. J. Phycol.
52: 495–505.
Chynoweth, D.P. 2002. Review of Biomethane from Marine Biomass. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,
University of Florida. http://abe.ufl.edu/chyn/Webpagecurrent/publications dc.htm.
De Vooys, C.G.N. 1979. Primary production in aquatic environment. In: B. Bolin, E.T. Degens, S. Kempe and P. Ketner (eds.).
SCOPE 13 – The Global Carbon Cycle. Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE). (http://www.
icsu-scope.org/downloadpubs/scope13/chapter10.html).
Duarte, C.M., J.J. Middelburg and N. Caraco. 2005. Major role of marine vegetation on the oceanic carbon cycle. Biogeosciences
2: 1–8.
Duarte, C.M., J. Wu, X. Xiao, A. Bhrun and D. Krause-Jensen, D. 2017. Can seaweed farming play a role in climate change
mitigation and adaptation? Frontiers in Marine Science 4: 1–8.
Falkowski, P., R.J. Scholes, E. Boyle, J. Canadell, D. Canfield, J. Elser, N. Gruber, K. Hibbard, P. Högberg, S. Linder,
F.T. Mackenzie, B. Moore III, T. Pedersen, Y. Rosenthal, S. Seitzinger, V. Smetacek and W. Steffen. 2000. The global
carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of Earth as a system. Science 290: 291–296.
Graham, M.H., B.P. Kinlan, L.D. Druehl, L.E. Garske and S. Banks. 2007. Deep-water kelp refugia as potential hotspots of
tropical marine diversity and productivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104: 16576–16580.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. and J.F. Bruno. 2010. The impact of climate change on the world’s marine ecosystems. Science 328:
1523–1528.
Kang, J.W. and I.K. Chung. 2017. The effects of eutrophication and acidification on the ecophysiology of Ulva pertusa
Kjellman. J. Appl. Phycol. 29: 2675–2683.
Kang, P.J., Y.S. Kim and K.W. Nam. 2008. Flora and community structure of benthic marine algae in Ilkwang Bay, Korea.
Algae 23: 317–326.
Kim, M.S., M. Kim, M.H. Chung, J.H. Kim and I.K. Chung. 2008. Species composition and biomass of intertidal seaweeds
in Chuja Island. Algae 23: 301–310.
Ko, Y.W., G.H. Sung and J.H. Kim. 2008. Estimation for seaweed biomass using regression: a methodological approach.
Algae 23: 289–294.
Koch, M., G. Bowes, C. Ross and X.-H. Zhang. 2013. Climate change and ocean acidification effects on seagrasses and marine
macroalgae. Global Change Biol. 19: 103–132.
Krause-Jensen, D. and C.M. Duarte. 2016. Substantial role of macroalgae in marine carbon sequestration. Nature Geoscience
9: 737–742.
Laffoley, D. d’A. and G. Grimsditch. 2009. The Management of Natural Coastal Carbon Sinks. IUCN, 53 pp.
Littler, M.M. and D.S. Littler. 1980. The evolution of thallus form and survival strategies in benthic marine macroalgae: field
and laboratory tests of a functional form model. Am. Natur. 116: 25–43.
Littler, M.M., D.S. Littler and P.R. Taylor. 1983. Evolutionary strategies in a tropical barrier reef system: functional form
groups of marine macroalgae. J. Phycol. 19: 229–237.
McVey, J.P. and B.H. Buck. 2008. IMTA-Design within an offshore wind farm. In: Aquaculture for Human Wellbeing—The
Asian Perspective. The Annual Meeting of the World Aquaculture Society, 23 May 2008, Busan (Korea).
Merzouk, A. and L.E. Johnson. 2011. Kelp distribution in the northwest Atlantic Ocean under a changing climate. J. Exp.
Mar. Biol. Ecol. 400: 90–98.
References
Buck, B.H. and C.M. Buchholz. 2004. The offshore-ring: a new system design for the open ocean aquaculture of macroalgae.
J. Appl. Phycol. 16: 355–368.
Buck, B.H., G. Krause and H. Rosenthal. 2004. Extensive open ocean aquaculture development within wind farm in Germany:
the prospect of offshore co-management and legal constraints. Ocean Coast. Manag. 47: 95–122.
Choi, C.G., J.H. Kim and I.K. Chung. 2008a. Temporal variation of seaweed biomass in Korean coasts: Yokjido, Gyeongnam
Province. Algae 23: 311–316.
Choi, H.G., K.H. Lee, X.Q. Wan, H.I. Yoo, H.H. Park, J.H. Kim and I.K. Chung. 2008b. Temporal variations in seaweed
biomass in Korean coasts: Woejodo and Jusamdo, Jeonbuk. Algae 23: 335–342.
Chopin, T., A.H. Buschmann, C. Halling, M. Troell, N. Kautsky, A. Neori, G.P. Kraemer, J.A. Zertuche-Gonzalez, C. Yarish
and C. Neefus. 2001. Integrating seaweeds into marine aquaculture systems: a key towards sustainability. J. Phycol.
37: 975–986.
Chritchley, A.T. and M. Ohno. 1998. Seaweed Resources of the World. Japan International Cooperation Agency, p. 431.
Chung, I.K., Y.H. Kang, C. Yarish, G.P. Kraemer and J.A. Lee. 2002. Application of seaweed cultivation to the bioremediation
of nutrient-rich effluent. Algae 17: 1–10.
Chung, I.K. 2007. Seaweed coastal CO 2 removal belt in Korea. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change and the 13th Conference of the Parties, Side Event of Seaweed Coastal CO 2 Removal Belt in Korea and Algal
Paper and Biofuel, 6–10 Dec. 2007, Bali, Indonesia.
Chung, I.K., J. Beardall, S. Mehta, D. Sahoo and S. Stojkovie. 2011. Using marine macroalgae for carbon sequestration: a
critical appraisal. J. Appl. Phycol. 23: 877–886.
Chung, I.K., J.H. Oak, J.A. Lee, J.A. Shin, J.G. Kim and K.-S. Park. 2013. Installing kelp forests/seaweed beds for mitigation
and adaptation against global warming: Korean Project Overview. ICES J. Mar. Sci. 70: 1038–1044.
Chung, I.K., F.A. Calvyn and J. Beardall. 2017. The future of seaweed aquaculture in a rapidly changing world. Eur. J. Phycol.
52: 495–505.
Chynoweth, D.P. 2002. Review of Biomethane from Marine Biomass. Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering,
University of Florida. http://abe.ufl.edu/chyn/Webpagecurrent/publications dc.htm.
De Vooys, C.G.N. 1979. Primary production in aquatic environment. In: B. Bolin, E.T. Degens, S. Kempe and P. Ketner (eds.).
SCOPE 13 – The Global Carbon Cycle. Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE). (http://www.
icsu-scope.org/downloadpubs/scope13/chapter10.html).
Duarte, C.M., J.J. Middelburg and N. Caraco. 2005. Major role of marine vegetation on the oceanic carbon cycle. Biogeosciences
2: 1–8.
Duarte, C.M., J. Wu, X. Xiao, A. Bhrun and D. Krause-Jensen, D. 2017. Can seaweed farming play a role in climate change
mitigation and adaptation? Frontiers in Marine Science 4: 1–8.
Falkowski, P., R.J. Scholes, E. Boyle, J. Canadell, D. Canfield, J. Elser, N. Gruber, K. Hibbard, P. Högberg, S. Linder,
F.T. Mackenzie, B. Moore III, T. Pedersen, Y. Rosenthal, S. Seitzinger, V. Smetacek and W. Steffen. 2000. The global
carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of Earth as a system. Science 290: 291–296.
Graham, M.H., B.P. Kinlan, L.D. Druehl, L.E. Garske and S. Banks. 2007. Deep-water kelp refugia as potential hotspots of
tropical marine diversity and productivity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 104: 16576–16580.
Hoegh-Guldberg, O. and J.F. Bruno. 2010. The impact of climate change on the world’s marine ecosystems. Science 328:
1523–1528.
Kang, J.W. and I.K. Chung. 2017. The effects of eutrophication and acidification on the ecophysiology of Ulva pertusa
Kjellman. J. Appl. Phycol. 29: 2675–2683.
Kang, P.J., Y.S. Kim and K.W. Nam. 2008. Flora and community structure of benthic marine algae in Ilkwang Bay, Korea.
Algae 23: 317–326.
Kim, M.S., M. Kim, M.H. Chung, J.H. Kim and I.K. Chung. 2008. Species composition and biomass of intertidal seaweeds
in Chuja Island. Algae 23: 301–310.
Ko, Y.W., G.H. Sung and J.H. Kim. 2008. Estimation for seaweed biomass using regression: a methodological approach.
Algae 23: 289–294.
Koch, M., G. Bowes, C. Ross and X.-H. Zhang. 2013. Climate change and ocean acidification effects on seagrasses and marine
macroalgae. Global Change Biol. 19: 103–132.
Krause-Jensen, D. and C.M. Duarte. 2016. Substantial role of macroalgae in marine carbon sequestration. Nature Geoscience
9: 737–742.
Laffoley, D. d’A. and G. Grimsditch. 2009. The Management of Natural Coastal Carbon Sinks. IUCN, 53 pp.
Littler, M.M. and D.S. Littler. 1980. The evolution of thallus form and survival strategies in benthic marine macroalgae: field
and laboratory tests of a functional form model. Am. Natur. 116: 25–43.
Littler, M.M., D.S. Littler and P.R. Taylor. 1983. Evolutionary strategies in a tropical barrier reef system: functional form
groups of marine macroalgae. J. Phycol. 19: 229–237.
McVey, J.P. and B.H. Buck. 2008. IMTA-Design within an offshore wind farm. In: Aquaculture for Human Wellbeing—The
Asian Perspective. The Annual Meeting of the World Aquaculture Society, 23 May 2008, Busan (Korea).
Merzouk, A. and L.E. Johnson. 2011. Kelp distribution in the northwest Atlantic Ocean under a changing climate. J. Exp.
Mar. Biol. Ecol. 400: 90–98.